Generation of eco‐friendly design for post‐tensioned axially symmetric reinforced concrete cylindrical walls by minimizing of CO₂ emission

Abstract

Structures should be designed in the direction of providing different vital requirements such as safety, durability, strength besides comfortable, and serviceability needs to be intended for usage purposes. Also, an effective structural design must carry on the other significant conditions consisting of being economic, even not destructive to the environment via various hazardous effects. Within the scope of this study, to realize all mentioned aims, an optimization process was carried out to generate an eco-friendly and cost-effective structural model for a post-tensioned axial symmetric reinforced concrete cylindrical wall. While this process is realized, three different metaheuristic algorithms as harmony search (HS), teaching-learning based optimization (TLBO), and flower pollination algorithm (FPA) were benefited to observe optimal parameters and main objective conditions of different variations produced intended for the wall structure. These optimal conditions contain optimal section size as the thickness of the wall, value of post-tensioning loads, and their coordinates applied along the wall, besides the main purpose is to minimize of emission amount of carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) from the utilized structural materials namely, concrete, steel reinforcements, and post-tensioning cables. As doing this, optimal levels for arising costs of materials can also be observed at the same time. With this study, all of these processes were provided with respect to many design combinations by utilizing various strength alternatives for concrete and even steel reinforcement grades together with different structural properties such as wall height, specific weight of liquid within the wall, and number of post-tensioning loads. By this means, it was made possible to generate both nature-friendly, cost-effective together with reliable and sustainable structures. The investigation of the optimum design was done for three cases. The first case was done for limited variation of design constants, and the best effective algorithm was found as FPA after the evaluation of results for multiple cycles of the optimization process. The other cases were done for different values of design constants by using the best algorithm. For the evaluation of the optimum cost for different countries, the most expensive ones are for Germany and Canada. As the final finding, the increase in the number of posttensioning loads reduces the CO 2 emission in the optimum design.

Optimal Dimensions of Post-Tensioned Concrete Cylindrical Walls Using Harmony Search and Ensemble Learning with SHAP

“…The specimens made with recycled coarse aggregate and self-compacting concrete were demonstrated to have similar flexural capacity as the specimens with natural coarse aggregate. To the best of the authors' knowledge the only research studies involving the application of metaheuristic optimization techniques to post-tensioned reinforced concrete cylindrical containers was carried out by Bekdaş et al [40]. It was found that the addition of multiple layers of post-tensioning cables reduces the amount of carbon emission associated with the manufacturing process.…”

Neural Network Predictive Models for Alkali-Activated Concrete Carbon Emission Using Metaheuristic Optimization Algorithms

“…The results showed that an environmentally friendly design can be achieved. Bekdaş et al [32] performed an optimization process to create an environmentally friendly structural model for an axisymmetric reinforced concrete cylindrical wall with post-tensioning for CO 2 minimization. As a result, they found that increasing the number of post-tensioning loads in the optimum design reduces CO 2 emissions.…”

Optimum Design Of Elastic Continuous Foundations With The Artificial Bee Colony Method

“…Apart from retaining walls, studies on the optimum design of different RC structural members are available in the literature such as columns, beams [21][22][23][24][25], frames [26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38], slabs [39][40][41][42][43], pile foundations [44][45][46], shear walls [47], prestressed RC bridge, RC console bearing wall [27,37,[48][49][50]. Meta-heuristic techniques, mostly inspired by nature, have been successfully applied in the optimization of steel and RC structures [12,[51][52][53][54][55].…”