Generation of clinical-grade red blood cells from human umbilical cord blood mononuclear cells

Iron Nanoparticle Composite Hydrogels for Studying Effects of Iron Ion Release on Red Blood Cell In Vitro Production

“…So far, other systems pursued approaches utilizing soluble factors as additives, which are often used in large amounts to increase the yield. However, most of these established procedures are conducted with similar additives and in a non-biomimetic environment [10][11][12][13] . To overcome the shortcomings of these procedures and to substantially increase the effectiveness of in vitro red blood cell production, new supplements and culture environments similar to the in vivo conditions will be needed.…”

“…Early progenitors express CD71, with progressing development CD235 is expressed additionally and in the final maturation stages (erythroblasts to erythrocytes) CD71 expression gets lost, while CD235 is still expressed 9 . Due to the availability of HSPCs from umbilical cord blood donors, the production of blood in an in vitro culture originating from HSPCs is a promising tool to apply in 'blood farming' and thereby provide safe blood products for several patients from a single donor [10][11][12][13] .…”

“…Erythrocytes are formed during hematopoiesis from HSPCs in a hierarchical differentiation process via a multitude of erythroid precursor cells and are characterized by the expression of certain markers. , Early progenitors express CD71, with progressing development CD235 is expressed additionally and in the final maturation stages (erythroblasts to erythrocytes) CD71 expression gets lost, while CD235 is still expressed . Because of the availability of HSPCs from umbilical cord blood donors, the production of blood in an in vitro culture originating from HSPCs is a promising tool to apply in “blood farming” and thereby provide safe blood products for several patients from a single donor. − …”

Umbilical cord blood: The promise and the uncertainty

“…In vitro generation of red blood cells may allow production and distribution of red blood cells to augment the national blood supply especially in times of shortages and provide red blood cells for patients with rare blood groups or alloimmunization 61 . Using supplements added to cell culture, in order to avoid animal components, UCB mononuclear cells were able to be differentiated into the erythroid cell lineage 62 . UCB cells stimulated with cytokines and cocultured with UCB mesenchymal stem cells generated clinical quality red blood cells 63 .…”

“…While generation of red blood cells from UCB cord precursors is exciting, processes are limited by efficiency issues, inability to produce large quantities, and maturing cells to the adult phenotype 64 . These process issues will need to be overcome before UCB red blood cell manufacturing will be able to produce the quantities of red blood cells needed to augment the blood supply 62‐64 …”