Generation of Boundary Manikin Anthropometry

Young, Karen; Margerum, Sarah; Barr, Abbe A.; Ferrer, Mike A.; Rajulu, Sudhakar

doi:10.4271/2008-01-2107

Cited by 9 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…In case of three principal components (3-dimensional space) the boundary manikins that have to be taken into account are as follows -two at the extremes of each axis (3 x 2 = 6), four on each plane (3 x 4 =12), and one in each quadrant (8 x 1 = 8). Thus, the total number of boundary manikins is 26 [12]. Using the same principle, for five principal components (5-dimensional space), the number of manikins to be considered for a given design application is equal to 62.…”

Section: Fig 3 Eigenvalues and Cumulative Variances Accounted For Bmentioning

confidence: 99%

Digital Human Modeling for Indian Anthropometry

Dasgupta¹,

Vijayaraghavan²,

Rajhans³

et al. 2012

Proceedings of the 1st Asian Workshop on 3D Body Scanning Technologies, Tokyo, Japan, 17-18 April 2012

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Traditionally, computer manikins are used to convert the anthropometric data into more usable form for industrial application. Several product design software offer the option for creating digital manikins, for example, RAMSIS, CATIA, UGS, DELMIA, etc. These software make use of various boundary manikin methods such as multi percentile approach, central region boundary approach, Principal Component Analysis, etc. to create digital models. The anthropometric data for Indian population has been largely missing. Efforts have been undertaken by various academic institutions in India to collect this data over last several years. With the boom in the automotive industry, demand for collection of statistically robust anthropometric data has arisen from different segments of the industry. To meet this requirement, the Automotive Research Association of India (ARAI) undertook a 3D whole body scanning survey in India. In this survey, data of more than 5600 volunteers has been collected. This is the first 3D whole body survey conducted in India. The research aims at reviewing different concepts of digital human modeling and applying a suitable manikin generation technique to the anthropometric data generated by the SIZE INDIA survey. No such effort has been made before to convert this data into digital human models, in India.

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Section: Fig 3 Eigenvalues and Cumulative Variances Accounted For Bmentioning

confidence: 99%

Digital Human Modeling for Indian Anthropometry

Dasgupta¹,

Vijayaraghavan²,

Rajhans³

et al. 2012

Proceedings of the 1st Asian Workshop on 3D Body Scanning Technologies, Tokyo, Japan, 17-18 April 2012

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“…Originally, the proposed analysis called for matching up the anthropometry of the boundary manikins as close as possible to the baseline scans. However, as the final results from the PCA and Whole Body Posture Based Analysis (WBPBA) [9,10] were realized, it became unrealistic to find the variety of subjects close to all dimensions needed for the morphing procedure. As the boundary manikins' anthropometry spans the entire range of the population across multiple measurements, it is not pragmatic to conduct an anthropometric survey of a multitude of subjects to gather their anthropometry in the hopes of striking close to the target anthropometry and body shape of all the proposed manikins.…”

Section: Scanned Subjectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The results from the PCA yielded 20 female manikins and 22 male manikins. The WBPBA resulted in a total of four female and three male manikins [9,10]. Therefore, there were 24 female and 25 male boundary manikin anthropometries generated from the two analyses that could be generated in the morphing procedure.…”

Section: Manikin Anthropometrymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Boundary manikins, in the context of this paper, are representative digital replicas of real subjects' anthropometry from a database that spans the 1 st to 99 th percentile measurements critical to suit fit relative to the database of interest [5]. The details on the selection of anthropometry and derivation of the boundary manikin anthropometry have been previously published [9,10]. This boundary manikin anthropometry is used to transform a baseline subject scan into a representative 3D digital manikin with the corresponding anthropometric values.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Relating Linear and Volumetric Variables through Body Scanning to Improve Human Interfaces in Space

Margerum

Ferrer

Young³

et al. 2010

Proceedings of the 1st International Conference on 3D Body Scanning Technologies, Lugano, Switzerland, 19-20 October 2010

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Designing spacesuits and vehicles for the diverse human population presents unique challenges for the methods of traditional anthropometry. Existing spacesuits are bulky, allowing the operator to shift position within the suit and inhibiting the ability to identify body landmarks. Limited suit sizing options cause differences in fit and performance between similarly sized individuals. Space vehicles are restrictive in volume with respect to both the fit of astronauts and the ability to collect data on fit and mobility. NASA's Anthropometry and Biomechanics Facility (ABF) has shifted from using traditional linear anthropometry to exploring the capabilities of 3D scanning to provide volumetric anthropometric solutions for design. The key goals are to improve the human-system performance and develop new processes to aid in the design and evaluation of space systems. Four case studies are presented that illustrate the shift from purely linear analyses to an augmented volumetric tool set for predicting and analyzing the human within the spacesuit and vehicle. The first case study involves the calculation of maximal head volume of the target population to estimate total free volume in the helmet for proper air exchange. Traditional linear measurements resulted in an inaccurate representation of the head shape, yet limited data exist for the determination of a large head volume. Steps were taken to identify and classify a maximal head volume. The resulting comparisons to the estimate are presented in this paper. This study illustrates the gap between linear components of anthropometry and the need for overall volume metrics to provide solutions. A second case study examines the overlay of the spacesuit scans and components onto scanned individuals to quantify fit and clearance; to aid in sizing the suit to the individual. Restrictions in spacesuit size availability present unique challenges to optimally fit the individual within a limited sizing range while maintaining performance. Quantification of the clearance and fit for similarly sized individuals is critical in providing a greater understanding of the human body's function within the suit. The third case study explores the development of a conformal seat pan using scanning techniques and details the challenges of volumetric analyses that were overcome to develop a universal seat pan that can be used across the entire user population. The final case study explores expanding volumetric capabilities through generation of boundary manikins. Boundary manikins were developed as representative individuals from the population of interest that represent the extremes of the population spectrum. The ABF developed a technique to take 3D scans of individuals and manipulate the scans to reflect the boundary manikins' anthropometry. In essence, this process generates a representative 3D scan of an individual from anthropometry, using another individual's scanned image. The results from this process can be used in design process modeling and initial suit sizing work as a three-di...

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“…Some of such tools/guidelines include functional anthropometric models developed by automotive ergonomics researchers [37][38][39] and recommendations on seat space dimensions from the aircraft ergonomics studies [24,40,41]. Also, collections of anthropomorphic human models, known as manikin families, have been developed as space design tools [17,19,[42][43][44][45][46][47][48][49][50]. The manikins are based on multivariate statistical analyses of static anthropometric measurement data and represent central and/or extreme cases (persons) in the distribution of anthropometric variables.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Manikin Families Representing Obese Airline Passengers in the US

Park

Kim

2014

Journal of Healthcare Engineering

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Aircraft passenger spaces designed without proper anthropometric analyses can create serious problems for obese passengers, including: possible denial of boarding, excessive body pressures and contact stresses, postural fixity and related health hazards, and increased risks of emergency evacuation failure. In order to help address the obese passenger's accommodation issues, this study developed male and female manikin families that represent obese US airline passengers. Anthropometric data of obese individuals obtained from the CAESAR anthropometric database were analyzed through PCA-based factor analyses. For each gender, a 99% enclosure cuboid was constructed, and a small set of manikins was defined on the basis of each enclosure cuboid. Digital human models (articulated human figures) representing the manikins were created using a human CAD software program. The manikin families were utilized to develop design recommendations for selected aircraft seat dimensions. The manikin families presented in this study would greatly facilitate anthropometrically accommodating large airline passengers.

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Generation of Boundary Manikin Anthropometry

Cited by 9 publications

References 2 publications

Digital Human Modeling for Indian Anthropometry

Digital Human Modeling for Indian Anthropometry

Relating Linear and Volumetric Variables through Body Scanning to Improve Human Interfaces in Space

Manikin Families Representing Obese Airline Passengers in the US

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