Generation of and control measures for, e-waste in Hong Kong

Chung, Shan Shan; Lau, Ka Yan; Zhang, Chan

doi:10.1016/j.wasman.2010.10.003

Cited by 82 publications

(51 citation statements)

References 4 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…However, the average fraction of DBDPE for Hong Kong sites was 0.60 ± 0.16, significantly greater than 0.5 (p < 0.0001); while that for Daya Bay sites was 0.38 ± 0.14, significantly less than 0.5 (p = 0.036), further corroborating the above-mentioned notion that the life cycles of electronic products have been generally shorter in Hong Kong than in mainland China. 43 Sediment Records of Halogenated Flame Retardants Related to Industrializing Process. To reconstruct the sedimentation histories of HFRs, two sediment cores were collected from two locations with relatively stable depositional conditions.…”

Section: ■ Results and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Occurrence of Halogenated Flame Retardants in Sediment off an Urbanized Coastal Zone: Association with Urbanization and Industrialization

Liu

Luo

et al. 2014

Environ. Sci. Technol.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

To examine the impacts of urbanization and industrialization on the coastal environment, sediment samples were collected from an urbanized coastal zone (i.e., Daya Bay and Hong Kong waters of South China) and analyzed for 20 polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) and 10 alternative halogenated flame retardants (AHFRs). The sum concentration of PBDEs was in the range of 1.7−55 (mean: 17) ng g −1 , suggesting a moderate pollution level compared to the global range. The higher fractions of AHFRs (i.e., TBB+TBPH, BTBPE and DBDPE) than those of legacy PBDEs (i.e., penta-BDE, octa-BDE and deca-BDE) corresponded with the phasing out of PBDEs and increasing demand for AHFRs. Heavy contamination occurred at the estuary of Dan'ao River flowing through the Daya Bay Economic Zone, home to a variety of petrochemicals and electronics manufacturing facilities. The concentrations of HFRs in surface sediments of Hong Kong were the highest in Victoria Harbor, which receives around 1.4 million tons of primarily treated sewage daily, and a good relationship (r 2 = 0.80; p < 0.0001) between the HFR concentration and population density in each council district was observed, highlighting the effect of urbanization. Moreover, the AHFR concentrations were significantly correlated (r 2 > 0.73; p < 0.05) with the production volume of electronic devices, production value of electronic industries and population size, demonstrating the importance of industrializing and urbanizing processes in dictating the historical input patterns of AHFRs.

show abstract

Section: ■ Results and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Occurrence of Halogenated Flame Retardants in Sediment off an Urbanized Coastal Zone: Association with Urbanization and Industrialization

Liu

Luo

et al. 2014

Environ. Sci. Technol.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Several methods to forecast the amount of waste that will emerge have been developed, as described in Chancerel (2010), Polák and Drápalová (2012). These methods have been applied to forecast e-waste generation in several regional and national studies (Polák and Drápalová, 2012;Huisman et al, 2012;Yang et al, 2008;Dwivedy and Mittal, 2010;Chung et al, 2011;Zhang et al, 2011;Araújo et al, 2012). However, the results of these studies are mainly aimed to provide a baseline to optimize planning of e-waste policies, management of take-back systems and monitoring of legislative implementation (Beigl et al, 2008).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Forecasting waste compositions: A case study on plastic waste of electronic display housings

et al. 2015

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Because of the rapid succession of technological developments, the architecture and material composition of many products used in daily life have drastically changed over the last decades. As a result, well-adjusted recycling technologies need to be developed and installed to cope with these evolutions. This is essential to guarantee continued access to materials and to reduce the ecological impact of our material consumption. However, limited information is currently available on the material composition of arising waste streams and even less on how these waste streams will evolve. Therefore, this paper presents a methodology to forecast trends in the material composition of waste streams. To demonstrate the applicability and value of the proposed methodology, it is applied to forecast the evolution of plastic housing waste from flat panel display (FPD) TVs, FPD monitors, cathode ray tube (CRT) TVs and CRT monitors. The results of the presented forecasts indicate that a wide variety of plastic types and additives, such as flame retardants, are found in housings of similar products. The presented case study demonstrates that the proposed methodology allows the identification of trends in the evolution of the material composition of waste streams. In addition, it is demonstrated that the recycling sector will need to adapt its processes to deal with the increasing complexity of plastics of end-of-life electronic displays while respecting relevant directives.

show abstract

“…Brazil (Araújo et al 2012 ), China (Liu et al 2006 ;Yang et al 2008 ;Chung 2012 ;Zhang et al 2012 ;Habuer et al 2014 ;Li et al 2015 ), Chile (Steubing et al 2010 ), Czech Republic (Polak and Drapalova 2012 ), Germany (Walk 2009 ), Hong Kong (Chung et al 2011 ;Lau et al 2013 ), India (Dwivedy and Mittal 2010a , b ), Indonesia (Andarani and Goto 2014 ), Iran (Rahmani et al 2014 ;Alavi et al 2015 ), Japan (Yamasue et al 2007 ;Oguchi et al 2008 ;Yoshida et al 2009 ), Nigeria Nnorom and Osibanjo 2008 ), South Korea (Lee et al 2007 ;Kim et al 2013 ), Spain (Gutierrez et al 2010 ), USA (Kang and Schoenung 2006 ;Leigh et al 2007 ;Kahhat and Williams 2012 ;Lam et al 2013 ;Schumacher et al 2014 ), and in the global economy (Yu et al 2010 ). Some studies have estimated fl ows of specifi c materials contained in e-waste such as steel, aluminum, copper, lead, nickel, and zinc (Yamasue et al 2007 ;Lam et al 2013 ;Habuer et al 2014 ) and parts such as lithium-ion batteries (Chang et al, 2009 ).…”

Section: End-of-life Vehicles and E-wastementioning

confidence: 99%

Material Flow Analysis and Waste Management

Moriguchi

Hashimoto

2016

Taking Stock of Industrial Ecology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Material fl ow analysis (MFA, also known as Material Flow Accounting) has become one of the basic tools in industrial ecology, since its pioneering development by Ayres. This chapter reviews progress in MFA with emphasis on the use of MFA to support waste management and recycling policy.Waste statistics are compiled in most developed and some developing countries, but the basis is insuffi ciently standardized so that care is needed in making comparisons between countries. This also applies to recycling fl ows, which are diffi cult to defi ne and quantify. Waste arising from demolition can be predicted by dynamic modeling which also predicts future resource demand, but the discrepancies between predicted and reported waste quantities can be large due to "missing" or "dissipated" stock. Metals represent an important and valuable component of waste; metals in endof-life vehicles and e-waste in particular need to be quantifi ed for their recycling and ecological and human health impact assessment. MFA has also been applied to international trade of secondhand products containing metals. MFA studies on phosphorus have revealed potential ways to increase recovery that go beyond recycling from obvious wastes.

show abstract

Generation of and control measures for, e-waste in Hong Kong

Cited by 82 publications

References 4 publications

Occurrence of Halogenated Flame Retardants in Sediment off an Urbanized Coastal Zone: Association with Urbanization and Industrialization

Occurrence of Halogenated Flame Retardants in Sediment off an Urbanized Coastal Zone: Association with Urbanization and Industrialization

Forecasting waste compositions: A case study on plastic waste of electronic display housings

Material Flow Analysis and Waste Management

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About