Generation of advanced fire blight-resistant apple (Malus × domestica) selections of the fifth generation within 7 years of applying the early flowering approach

Schlathölter, Ina; Jänsch, Melanie; Flachowsky, Henryk; Broggini, Giovanni A. L.; Hanke, Magda‐Viola; Patocchi, Andrea

doi:10.1007/s00425-018-2876-z

Cited by 42 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…Fast-track breeding via transgenesis 297,298 or induced through a plant virus vector 299 might enable full realization of GP potential in apple. While SSRs were used to select for a favorable QTL allele and against unfavorable genetic background over five generations in seven years 300 , GP can be used to identify elite progeny across a range of traits. Implementation of GP for apple improvement might require modification of breeding programs and stochastic simulation can be used to evaluate benefits of different strategies 290 .…”

Section: Genomic Prediction: Genome-wide Performance Forecasting Blamentioning

confidence: 99%

Apple whole genome sequences: recent advances and new prospects

Peace¹,

Bianco²,

Troggio³

et al. 2019

Hortic Res

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In 2010, a major scientific milestone was achieved for tree fruit crops: publication of the first draft whole genome sequence (WGS) for apple ( Malus domestica ). This WGS, v1.0, was valuable as the initial reference for sequence information, fine mapping, gene discovery, variant discovery, and tool development. A new, high quality apple WGS, GDDH13 v1.1, was released in 2017 and now serves as the reference genome for apple. Over the past decade, these apple WGSs have had an enormous impact on our understanding of apple biological functioning, trait physiology and inheritance, leading to practical applications for improving this highly valued crop. Causal gene identities for phenotypes of fundamental and practical interest can today be discovered much more rapidly. Genome-wide polymorphisms at high genetic resolution are screened efficiently over hundreds to thousands of individuals with new insights into genetic relationships and pedigrees. High-density genetic maps are constructed efficiently and quantitative trait loci for valuable traits are readily associated with positional candidate genes and/or converted into diagnostic tests for breeders. We understand the species, geographical, and genomic origins of domesticated apple more precisely, as well as its relationship to wild relatives. The WGS has turbo-charged application of these classical research steps to crop improvement and drives innovative methods to achieve more durable, environmentally sound, productive, and consumer-desirable apple production. This review includes examples of basic and practical breakthroughs and challenges in using the apple WGSs. Recommendations for “what’s next” focus on necessary upgrades to the genome sequence data pool, as well as for use of the data, to reach new frontiers in genomics-based scientific understanding of apple.

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Section: Genomic Prediction: Genome-wide Performance Forecasting Blamentioning

confidence: 99%

Apple whole genome sequences: recent advances and new prospects

Peace¹,

Bianco²,

Troggio³

et al. 2019

Hortic Res

Self Cite

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“…Early flowering has been demonstrated in apple through the overexpression of beech MADS4 and Arabidopsis FT gene (Flachowsky et al, 2007 ; Yamagishi et al, 2011 ). This technology has been used to rapidly breed fire blight resistance into apple within 7 years (Schlathölter et al, 2018 ). A similar result has been obtained using antisense-based silencing of MdTFL1 expression (Kotoda et al, 2006 ).…”

Section: Potential Applications Of Gene Editing In New Zealandmentioning

confidence: 99%

A New Zealand Perspective on the Application and Regulation of Gene Editing

et al. 2018

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New Zealand (NZ) is a small country with an export-led economy with above 90% of primary production exported. Plant-based primary commodities derived from the pastoral, horticultural and forestry sectors account for around half of the export earnings. Productivity is characterized by a history of innovation and the early adoption of advanced technologies. Gene editing has the potential to revolutionize breeding programmes, particularly in NZ. Here, perennials such as tree crops and forestry species are key components of the primary production value chain but are challenging for conventional breeding and only recently domesticated. Uncertainty over the global regulatory status of gene editing products is a barrier to invest in and apply editing techniques in plant breeding. NZs major trading partners including Europe, Asia and Australia are currently evaluating the regulatory status of these technologies and have not made definitive decisions. NZ is one of the few countries where the regulatory status of gene editing has been clarified. In 2014, the NZ Environmental Protection Authority ruled that plants produced via gene editing methods, where no foreign DNA remained in the edited plant, would not be regulated as GMOs. However, following a challenge in the High Court, this decision was overturned such that NZ currently controls all products of gene editing as GMOs. Here, we illustrate the potential benefits of integrating gene editing into plant breeding programmes using targets and traits with application in NZ. The regulatory process which led to gene editing's current GMO classification in NZ is described and the importance of globally harmonized regulations, particularly to small export-driven nations is discussed.

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“…linkage between the gene of interest and undesirable genes that are inherited together from the donor parent), so repeated PBC with elite parents is applied to minimise the non-desirable genomic content of the donor parent in selected seedlings. In addition to the foreground MAS for major genes, a marker-based background selection (which involves selection of only those resistant seedlings that have inherited the least proportion of donor genome) can also be incorporated in a PBC breeding strategy [6][7][8][9] .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…growth chamber) methods have been suggested to reduce the juvenility period 8,10 . Alternatively, a transgenic early flowering approach for the introgression of fire-blight resistance from the wild apple 'Evereste', showed that five breeding cycles could be completed within seven years 9 . However, transgenic plants are still regulated in many countries, so this strategy cannot be used for commercial cultivar breeding at the moment.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Given the long time it takes to obtain progeny-based performance, fruit breeders continue with this current practice, accepting the known risks. Schlathölter et al 9 proposed using GS to identify parents for the next generation, but the efficacy of genome-assisted parental selection (GAPS) has not yet been fully established for pre-breeding programmes of perennial fruit crops. GAPS would help shorten the parental breeding cycle, so the main objectives of this study were to evaluate: (1) the correlation between seedlings own phenotype and progeny-test performance (i.e.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Turbocharging introgression breeding of perennial fruit crops: a case study on apple

et al. 2020

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The allelic diversity of primitive germplasm of fruit crops provides a useful resource for introgressing novel genes to meet consumer preferences and environmental challenges. Pre-breeding facilitates the identification of novel genetic variation in the primitive germplasm and expedite its utilisation in cultivar breeding programmes. Several generations of pre-breeding could be required to minimise linkage drag from the donor parent and to maximise the genomic content of the recipient parent. In this study we investigated the potential of genomic selection (GS) as a tool for rapid background selection of parents for the successive generation. A diverse set of 274 accessions was genotyped using random-tag genotyping-by-sequencing, and phenotyped for eight fruit quality traits. The relationship between 'own phenotypes' of 274 accessions and their general combining ability (GCA) was also examined. Trait heritability influenced the strength of correspondence between own phenotype and the GCA. The average (across eight traits) accuracy of predicting own phenotype was 0.70, and the correlations between genomic-predicted own phenotype and GCA were similar to the observed correlations. Our results suggest that genome-assisted parental selection (GAPS) is a credible alternative to phenotypic parental selection, so could help reduce the generation interval to allow faster accumulation of favourable alleles from donor and recipient parents.

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Generation of advanced fire blight-resistant apple (Malus × domestica) selections of the fifth generation within 7 years of applying the early flowering approach

Cited by 42 publications

References 42 publications

Apple whole genome sequences: recent advances and new prospects

Apple whole genome sequences: recent advances and new prospects

A New Zealand Perspective on the Application and Regulation of Gene Editing

Turbocharging introgression breeding of perennial fruit crops: a case study on apple

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