Generation of a frequency comb spanning more than 36 octaves from ultraviolet to mid infrared

Iwakuni, Kana; Okubo, Sho; Tadanaga, O.; Inaba, Hajime; Onae, Atsushi; Hong, Feng−Lei; Sasada, Hiroyuki

doi:10.1364/ol.41.003980

Cited by 55 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…This is particularly true in the mid-IR to the terahertz 49,50 and the ultraviolet (UV) to the XUV 51,52 . The more extreme demonstration of bandwidth extension has been to wavelengths as long as 27 μm 53 using a combination of difference frequency generation (DFG) and/or optical parametric oscillation (OPO) 49,[54][55][56][57] . Difference frequency generation relies on phase matching in standard nonlinear crystals to down-convert two photons of higher energy, a pump ν 1 and signal ν 2 , to an idler mid-IR photon via ν 3 = ν 1 − ν 2 .…”

Section: What Is An Ofc and How Does It Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

20 years of developments in optical frequency comb technology and applications

2019

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Optical frequency combs were developed nearly two decades ago to support the world's most precise atomic clocks. Acting as precision optical synthesizers, frequency combs enable the precise transfer of phase and frequency information from a high-stability reference to hundreds of thousands of tones in the optical domain. This versatility, coupled with nearcontinuous spectroscopic coverage from microwave frequencies to the extreme ultraviolet , has enabled precision measurement capabilities in both fundamental and applied contexts. This review takes a tutorial approach to illustrate how 20 years of source development and technology has facilitated the journey of optical frequency combs from the lab into the field. T he optical frequency comb (OFC) was originally developed to count the cycles from optical atomic clocks. Atoms make ideal frequency references because they are identical, and hence reproducible, with discrete and well-defined energy levels that are dominated by strong internal forces that naturally isolate them from external perturbations. Consequently, in 1967 the international standard unit of time, the SI second was redefined as 9,192,631,770 oscillations between two hyper-fine states in 133 Cs 1. While 133 Cs microwave clocks provide an astounding 16 digits in frequency/time accuracy, clocks based on optical transitions in atoms are being explored as alternative references because higher transition frequencies permit greater than a 100 times improvement in time/frequency resolution (see "Timing, synchronization, and atomic clock networks"). Optical signals, however, pose a significant measurement challenge because light frequencies oscillate 100,000 times faster than state-of-the-art digital electronics. Prior to 2000, the simplest method to access an optical frequency was via knowledge of the speed of light and measurement of its wavelength, accessible with relatively poor precision of parts in 10 7 using an optical wavemeter. For precision measurements seeking resolutions better than that offered by wavelength standards, large-scale frequency chains were used to connect the microwave definition of the Hertz, provided by the 133 Cs primary frequency reference near 9.2 GHz, to the optical domain via a series of multiplied and phase-locked oscillators 2. The most complicated of these systems required up to 10 scientists, 20 different oscillators and 50 feedback loops to perform a single optical measurement 3. Because of the complexity, frequency multiplication chains yielded one to two precision optical frequency measurements per year. In 2000, the realization of the OFC allowed for the replacement of these complex frequency chains with a

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Section: What Is An Ofc and How Does It Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

20 years of developments in optical frequency comb technology and applications

2019

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“…Visible, mid-infrared, and terahertz generation can be realized via nonlinear frequency conversion. For example, on the basis of the octave-spanning frequency combs between 1,000 and 2,000 nm with high coherence, visible comb generation can be realized using a PPLN waveguide [63]; moreover, mid-infrared comb generation can be realized through difference-frequency generation [64,65]. In addition, for terahertz spectroscopy based on the DCS technique, Δf rep is an important factor owing to the terahertz detection system bandwidth limitation [66].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

High-coherence ultra-broadband bidirectional dual-comb fiber laser

2019

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Dual-comb spectroscopy has emerged as an attractive spectroscopic tool for high-speed, high-resolution, and high-sensitivity broadband spectroscopy. It exhibits certain advantages when compared to the conventional Fourier-transform spectroscopy. However, the high cost of the conventional system, which is based on two mode-locked lasers and a complex servo system with a common single-frequency laser, limits the applicability of the dual-comb spectroscopy system. In this study, we overcame this problem with a bidirectional dual-comb fiber laser that generates two high-coherence ultra-broadband frequency combs with slightly different repetition rates (f rep). The two direct outputs from the single-laser cavity displayed broad spectra of > 50 nm; moreover, an excessively small difference in the repetition rate (< 1.5 Hz) was achieved with high relative stability, owing to passive common-mode noise cancellation. With this slight difference in the repetition rate, the applicable optical spectral bandwidth in dual-comb spectroscopy could attain ~479 THz (~3,888 nm). In addition, we successfully generated high-coherence ultra-broadband frequency combs via nonlinear spectral broadening and detected high signal-to-noise-ratio carrier-envelope offset frequency (f CEO) beat signals using the self-referencing technique. We also demonstrated the high relative stability between the two f CEO beat signals and tunability. To our knowledge, this is the first demonstration of f CEO detection and frequency measurement using a self-referencing technique for a dual-comb fiber laser. The developed high-coherence ultra-broadband dual-comb fiber laser with capability of f CEO detection is likely to be a highly effective tool in practical, high-sensitivity, ultra-broadband applications.

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“…As these systems improve and in particular with the development of flexible, tunable waveguide non-linear devices, they will be able to provide higher power in a more integrated, robust package. An exciting demonstration of this potential was shown by Iwakuni et al [304], where a single fiber comb combined with highly nonlinear fiber and then a waveguide periodically-poled litium niobate crystal generated coherent light spanning from 350 nm to 4.5 μ m. Optical parametric oscillator systems have also been developed to extend past 5 μ m[142–144]. New chip-based nanophotonic non-linear devices [305] based on silicon [306–308], silicon nitride [309], and other materials are being developed.…”

Section: Future Directionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gas-phase broadband spectroscopy using active sources: progress, status, and applications [Invited]

et al. 2016

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Broadband spectroscopy is an invaluable tool for measuring multiple gas-phase species simultaneously. In this work we review basic techniques, implementations, and current applications for broadband spectroscopy. We discuss components of broad-band spectroscopy including light sources, absorption cells, and detection methods and then discuss specific combinations of these components in commonly-used techniques. We finish this review by discussing potential future advances in techniques and applications of broad-band spectroscopy.

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Generation of a frequency comb spanning more than 36 octaves from ultraviolet to mid infrared

Cited by 55 publications

References 21 publications

20 years of developments in optical frequency comb technology and applications

20 years of developments in optical frequency comb technology and applications

High-coherence ultra-broadband bidirectional dual-comb fiber laser

Gas-phase broadband spectroscopy using active sources: progress, status, and applications [Invited]

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