Generation of 1020 W cm−2 hard X-ray laser pulses with two-stage reflective focusing system

Mimura, Hidekazu; Yumoto, Hirokatsu; Matsuyama, Satoshi; Koyama, Takahisa; Tono, Kensuke; Inubushi, Yuichi; Togashi, Tadashi; Sato, Takahiro; Kim, Jang Woo; Fukui, Ryosuke; Sano, Yasuhisa; Yabashi, Makina; Ohashi, Haruhiko; Ishikawa, Tetsuya; Yamauchi, Kazuto

doi:10.1038/ncomms4539

Cited by 132 publications

(81 citation statements)

References 25 publications

(42 reference statements)

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“…The temporal durations of the two pulses were estimated to be ∼5 fs by autocorrelation measurements (17), which was consistent with the estimation based on spectral spike width measurement (18). The X-ray intensities of the two pulses were increased up to ∼10 19 W/cm 2 by using a two-stage focusing system (19), and the pulse energies were determined shot-by-shot by an inline spectrometer. Typical photon numbers in the pump and the probe X-ray pulses at the focus point were 9 × 10 9 and 2 × 10 10 , respectively.…”

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Observation of femtosecond X-ray interactions with matter using an X-ray–X-ray pump–probe scheme

Inoue

Inubushi

Sato

et al. 2016

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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Resolution in the X-ray structure determination of noncrystalline samples has been limited to several tens of nanometers, because deep X-ray irradiation required for enhanced resolution causes radiation damage to samples. However, theoretical studies predict that the femtosecond (fs) durations of X-ray free-electron laser (XFEL) pulses make it possible to record scattering signals before the initiation of X-ray damage processes; thus, an ultraintense X-ray beam can be used beyond the conventional limit of radiation dose. Here, we verify this scenario by directly observing femtosecond X-ray damage processes in diamond irradiated with extraordinarily intense (∼10 19 W/cm 2 ) XFEL pulses. An X-ray pump-probe diffraction scheme was developed in this study; tightly focused double-5-fs XFEL pulses with time separations ranging from sub-fs to 80 fs were used to excite (i.e., pump) the diamond and characterize (i.e., probe) the temporal changes of the crystalline structures through Bragg reflection. It was found that the pump and probe diffraction intensities remain almost constant for shorter time separations of the double pulse, whereas the probe diffraction intensities decreased after 20 fs following pump pulse irradiation due to the X-ray-induced atomic displacement. This result indicates that sub-10-fs XFEL pulses enable conductions of damageless structural determinations and supports the validity of the theoretical predictions of ultraintense X-ray-matter interactions. The X-ray pump-probe scheme demonstrated here would be effective for understanding ultraintense X-ray-matter interactions, which will greatly stimulate advanced XFEL applications, such as atomic structure determination of a single molecule and generation of exotic matters with high energy densities.X-ray free-electron laser | pump-probe | femtosecond X-ray damage S ince W. C. Röntgen discovered X-rays emitted from vacuum tube equipment in 1895, scientists have continuously endeavored to develop brighter X-ray sources throughout the 20th century. One of the most remarkable breakthroughs was the emergence of synchrotron light sources, which were much more brilliant than the early lab-based X-ray sources. Such dramatic increase in X-ray brilliance provided a pathway to obtain high-quality X-ray scattering data. This, in turn, enabled one to solve the structures of complex systems such as proteins, functional units of living organisms, and viruses. However, the increase in the brilliance is also accompanied by a severe problem of X-ray radiation damage to the samples being examined (1). X-rays ionize atoms and generate highly activated radicals that break chemical bonds and cause changes in the structures of the samples. To achieve structure determination precisely, a sufficient scattering signal should be recorded before the samples are severely damaged. Radiation damage was considered to be an intrinsic problem associated with X-ray scattering experiments, which imposed a fundamental limit on the resolution in X-ray structure determination (2).The rec...

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“…The XFEL pulses were focused using a two-stage reflective focusing system (19). The focused spot size of the pump and the probe pulses measured by a knife-edge scan method was 130 nm (horizontal) × 200 nm (vertical).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Observation of femtosecond X-ray interactions with matter using an X-ray–X-ray pump–probe scheme

Inoue

Inubushi

Sato

et al. 2016

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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“…The SPring-8 Å ngstrom Compact free-electron LAser (SACLA), constructed in Harima, Japan, achieved first lasing at 10 keV in June 2011 and started operation for users in March 2012 with two beamlines: BL3 for a hard X-ray FEL, which is capable of generating the shortest wavelength FEL below 0.8 Å , and BL1 for wide range spontaneous emission (Ishikawa et al, 2012;Yabashi et al, 2015). Based on unique capabilities and continuous upgrades (Hara et al, 2013;Mimura et al, 2014;Katayama et al, 2016) and users' demands for higher availability led us to construct the second XFEL beamline (BL2), which has been operating since April 2015. At the same time, a much smaller number of research proposals applied for BL1, mainly because only spontaneous radiation was available with one undulator unit of 4.5 m length.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A soft X-ray free-electron laser beamline at SACLA: the light source, photon beamline and experimental station

et al. 2018

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The design and performance of a soft X-ray free-electron laser (FEL) beamline of the SPring-8 Compact free-electron LAser (SACLA) are described. The SPring-8 Compact SASE Source test accelerator, a prototype machine of SACLA, was relocated to the SACLA undulator hall for dedicated use for the soft X-ray FEL beamline. Since the accelerator is operated independently of the SACLA main linac that drives the two hard X-ray beamlines, it is possible to produce both soft and hard X-ray FEL simultaneously. The FEL pulse energy reached 110 mJ at a wavelength of 12.4 nm (i.e. photon energy of 100 eV) with an electron beam energy of 780 MeV.

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“…The first two XFEL facilities in the world, the Linac Coherent Light Source (LCLS) and SPring-8 Angstrom Compact free electron LAser (SACLA), provide femtosecond x-ray pulses with peak powers of the order of tens of GW [1,2] . By focusing the XFEL pulse to ∼1 µm (∼0.05 µm), the intensity reaches as high as ∼10 18 (∼10 20 ) W cm −2 [3,4] . These characteristics offer research opportunities in various fields of science such as structural biology [5][6][7][8][9] , nonlinear x-ray optics [10,11] , ultrafast physics and chemistry [12][13][14][15] , and high energy density science [16] .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fluid sample injectors for x-ray free electron laser at SACLA

Tono

2017

High Pow Laser Sci Eng

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This paper provides a review on sample injectors which are provided at SPring-8 Angstrom Compact free electron LAser (SACLA) for conducting serial measurement in a 'diffract-before-destroy' scheme using an x-ray free electron laser (XFEL). Versatile experimental platforms at SACLA are able to accept various types of injectors, among which liquidjet, droplet and viscous carrier injectors are frequently utilized. These injectors produce different forms of fluid targets such as a liquid filament with a diameter in the order of micrometer, micro-droplet synchronized to XFEL pulses, and slowly flowing column of highly viscous fluid with a rate below 1 µL min −1 . Characteristics and applications of the injectors are described.

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Generation of 1020 W cm−2 hard X-ray laser pulses with two-stage reflective focusing system

Cited by 132 publications

References 25 publications

Observation of femtosecond X-ray interactions with matter using an X-ray–X-ray pump–probe scheme

Observation of femtosecond X-ray interactions with matter using an X-ray–X-ray pump–probe scheme

A soft X-ray free-electron laser beamline at SACLA: the light source, photon beamline and experimental station

Fluid sample injectors for x-ray free electron laser at SACLA

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