Generation Cycle in the Duodenal Crypt Cells of Germ-Free and Conventional Mice

Lesher, S.; Walburg, H. E.; Sacher, George A.

doi:10.1038/202884a0

Cited by 153 publications

(60 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…The microflora of the alimentary canal had no effect on the true digestibilities of proteins but were able to modify the route of excretion of undigested nitrogenous compounds reaching the lower gut (Salter and Coates 1971;Salter and Fulford 1974;Salter et al 1974). However, according to Erbersdobler and Riedel (1912) Work with mice has shown that intestinal microflora alter cell renewal rates in the ileum (Abrams et al 1963), duodenal crypts (Lesher et al 1964) and small intestine (Khoury et al 1969 Yoshida et al (1965), Yoshida and Morimoto (1966,1970) and Squibb (1971 (1961) found the AME values of oats to increase with bushel weight; this was confirmed by Sibbald and Slinger (1963a), Sibbald and Price (1976a) but not by Salo (1978) whose AME values were calculated from chemical composition. The TME values of oats were related to bulk density (Sibbald and Price 1977a) as were ADE values measured with mice (Christison and Bell 1975 (Hochstetler and Scott 1975 Carpenter and Clegg (1956), Bolton (1962b) and Sibbald et al.…”

Section: Control Of Feed Intakementioning

confidence: 99%

Measurement of Bioavailable Energy in Poultry Feedingstuffs: A Review

Sibbald¹

1982

Can. J. Anim. Sci.

113

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The importance of knowing the bioavailable energy (BE) content of poultry feedingstuffs is discussed in terms of economics, feed intake and the environment. The partition of ingested dietary energy is described and the effects of nutrient intake and of the microflora of the alimentary canal are outlined. Indirect biological, physical and chemical assays for BE are described and appraised. Procedures common to several direct bioassays for BE are discussed and points to consider in choosing between total excreta collection and the use of an indicator are presented. Assays for digestible energy, apparent metabolizable energy, true metabolizable energy and net energy are described. Variables affecting estimates of BE such as bird type, assay environment, assay diet and intake, assay design, the nitrogen correction, and metabolic plus endogenous losses are considered and a bioassay is recommended. The review concludes with brief speculation about future developments in the field of feedingstuff evaluation. Key words: Review, Energy, Assays, Methodology, Bioavailable

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Section: Control Of Feed Intakementioning

confidence: 99%

Measurement of Bioavailable Energy in Poultry Feedingstuffs: A Review

Sibbald¹

1982

Can. J. Anim. Sci.

113

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“…(Stragand and Hagemann, 1977 (Bayle, 1969 ;Coates et ol., 1969 ;Hiller and Schoen, 1971 Rolls et al,1975 ;mouse : Abrams et al,1963 ;Lesher et al,1964 ;Khoury et al, 1969 ;Ranken, Wilson and Bealmer, 1971 ;Mastromarino and Wilson, 1976 ;rat : Guenet et al, 1970 ;Galjaard et at., 1972 ;Meslin et al, 1974) or partial (Meslin, Sac- …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of various modifications in the diet on ileal epithelium renewal in germ-free and conventional rats

Meslin¹,

Sacquet²,

Riottot³

et al. 1981

Reprod. Nutr. Dévelop.

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Summary. Renewal of the ileal epithelium has been studied in germ-free (GF) and conventional (CV) rats fed with a semi-synthetic diet in the following forms : a) pellets sterilized by autoclaving (Pel. Au. diet) ; b) powder sterilized by gamma irradiation ; when given to the rats, its weight in water was added to make a paste (Pa. I. diet) ; c) powder treated as (b) but with 10 p. 100 lactose added (L. Pa. I. diet).Ileal epithelium renewal time was similar in the GF rats fed with the Pel. Au. and Pa. I. diets. It was shorter in the CV rats fed with these two diets than in the GF rats and also in the CV rats given the Pa. I. diet than in those given the Pel. Au. diet.In GF and CV rats fed with the lactose diet, L. Pa. I., ileal epithelium renewal time was similar.These different effects were mainly due to variations in the number of cells produced in Lieberk 3 hn's crypts. They were not related to changes in the intestinal bile salts pool caused by the different diet treatments.Introduction.

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“…These gnotobiotic models have revealed that the microbiota facilitates the breakdown of otherwise indigestible polysaccharide components of our diet (4,5), regulates storage of calories extracted from the diet in adipocytes (3), metabolizes xenobiotics, including carcinogens (6, 7), modulates intestinal epithelial cell turnover (8)(9)(10)(11), and educates the immune system (12,13). The microbiota also collaborates with the host to regulate a number of aspects of postnatal gut development, including the assembly of the extensive network of capillaries in the mesenchymal cores of mouse small intestinal villi (14).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Microbial regulation of intestinal radiosensitivity

Crawford

Gordon

2005

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

200

166

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We describe a method for treating germ-free (GF) mice with ␥-irradiation and transplanting them with normal or genetically manipulated bone marrow while maintaining their GF status. This approach revealed that GF mice are markedly resistant to lethal radiation enteritis. Furthermore, administering lethal doses of total body irradiation to GF mice produces markedly fewer apoptotic endothelial cells and lymphocytes in the mesenchymal cores of their small intestinal villi, compared with conventionally raised animals that have acquired a microbiota from birth. Analysis of GF and conventionally raised Rag1 ؊/؊ mice disclosed that mature lymphocytes are not required for the development of lethal radiation enteritis or the microbiota-associated enhancement of endothelial radiosensitivity. Studies of gnotobiotic knockout mice that lack fasting-induced adipose factor (Fiaf), a fibrinogen͞angio-poietin-like protein normally secreted from the small intestinal villus epithelium and suppressed by the microbiota, showed that Fiaf deficiency results in loss of resistance of villus endothelial and lymphocyte populations to radiation-induced apoptosis. Together, these findings provide insights about the cellular and molecular targets involved in microbial regulation of intestinal radiosensitivity.endothelial cell apoptosis ͉ fasting-induced adipose factor ͉ gnotobiotic knockout and radiation chimeric mice ͉ gut microbiota ͉ radiation enteritis

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Generation Cycle in the Duodenal Crypt Cells of Germ-Free and Conventional Mice

Cited by 153 publications

References 22 publications

Measurement of Bioavailable Energy in Poultry Feedingstuffs: A Review

Measurement of Bioavailable Energy in Poultry Feedingstuffs: A Review

Effect of various modifications in the diet on ileal epithelium renewal in germ-free and conventional rats

Microbial regulation of intestinal radiosensitivity

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