Generation and Use of Chlorine Dioxide in Water Treatment

Granstrom, Marvin L.; Lee, G. Fred

doi:10.1002/j.1551-8833.1958.tb20716.x

Cited by 42 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 7 publications

(8 reference statements)

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“…Preparation of ClO 2 solutions. High purity, chlorine‐free ClO 2 stock solutions were prepared using a laboratory‐scale generator (Granstrom & Lee, 1958). Commercial sodium chlorite was used to prepare a 16% solution.…”

Section: Experimental Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Measuring oxidant species in ELECTROLYZED salt brine solutions

Gordon¹,

Bolden²,

Emmert³

2002

Journal AWWA

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The electrolysis of salt brine solutions by onsite generators produces chlorine (free available chlorine [FAC = Cl2, HOCl, and OCl–]) at concentrations ranging from 200 to 1,000 mg/L. There is some speculation that the electrolysis of salt brine also produces chlorine dioxide (ClO2) and ozone (O3). The analytical methods frequently cited for measuring ClO2 and O3 in anolyte liquors following salt brine electrolysis are the DPD and indigotrisulfonate methods. These analytical procedures are routinely used to measure drinking water residuals in finished water. However, when used for measuring components in electrolysis cell liquors, false‐positive results are observed.

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Section: Experimental Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Measuring oxidant species in ELECTROLYZED salt brine solutions

Gordon¹,

Bolden²,

Emmert³

2002

Journal AWWA

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“…Preparation of the stock chlorine dioxide solutions followed a common procedure (17). Preparation of the stock chlorine dioxide solutions followed a common procedure (17).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Facile incorporation of bromine into aromatic systems under conditions of water chlorination

Lin¹,

Lukasewycz²,

Liukkonen³

et al. 1984

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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The reaction of aqueous solutions of biphenyl and naphthalene with chlorine in the presence of potassium bromide resulted in the loss of organic substrate and the formation of a series of chlorinated and brominated products. The extent of the reaction in the presence of bromide was typically greater than with chlorine alone. Chloramine (pH >6.0) and chlorine dioxide (pH 4.5-7.5) in the presence or in the absence of bromide resulted in no substantial loss of biphenyl or naphthalene.

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“…As ClO2 is a very selective oxidant, a more positive residual available for disinfection was expected. This is due to that ClO2 has different reaction mechanisms compared to chlorine and O3, resulting in residuals lasting for a longer time due to its selectivity [28,29]. All the above results are significant in choosing the appropriate oxidant for the cooling tower operation.…”

Section: Effect Of Temperature On Oxidant Demandsmentioning

confidence: 99%