Generation and propagation of high-order harmonics in crystals

Ghimire, Shambhu; DiChiara, Anthony; Sistrunk, Emily; Ndabashimiye, Georges; Szafruga, Urszula B.; Anis, Mohammad; Agostini, Pierre; DiMauro, Louis F.; Reis, David A.

doi:10.1103/physreva.85.043836

Cited by 194 publications

(154 citation statements)

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“…Its similarity to HHG in atomic gases allows one to adapt attosecond technology from gases to solids, with potential applications such as, bandgap tomography, solid-state PHz oscilloscope, and in situ measurement of electric signals in semiconductor devices [11]. By contrast, for longer wavelengths towards the THz regime, intraband HHG, as a result of the nonlinear band velocity [6,[12][13][14][15], was found to be dominant [6,10].…”

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confidence: 99%

Interband Bloch oscillation mechanism for high-harmonic generation in semiconductor crystals

et al. 2015

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Access and use of this website and the material on it are subject to the Terms and Conditions set forth at Interband Bloch oscillation mechanism for high-harmonic generation in semiconductor crystals McDonald, C. R.; Vampa, G.; Corkum, P. B.; Brabec, T.http://nparc.cisti-icist.nrc-cnrc.gc.ca/npsi/jsp/nparc_cp.jsp?lang=fr L'accès à ce site Web et l'utilisation de son contenu sont assujettis aux conditions présentées dans le site LISEZ CES CONDITIONS ATTENTIVEMENT AVANT D'UTILISER CE SITE WEB. NRC Publications Record / Notice d'Archives des publications de CNRC:http://nparc.cisti-icist.nrc-cnrc.gc.ca/npsi/ctrl?action=rtdoc&an=21276996&lang=en http://nparc.cisti-icist.nrc-cnrc.gc.ca/npsi/ctrl?action=rtdoc&an=21276996&lang=fr READ THESE TERMS AND CONDITIONS CAREFULLY BEFORE USING THIS WEBSITE.http://nparc.cisti-icist.nrc-cnrc.gc.ca/npsi/jsp/nparc_cp.jsp?lang=en Vous avez des questions? Nous pouvons vous aider. Pour communiquer directement avec un auteur, consultez la première page de la revue dans laquelle son article a été publié afin de trouver ses coordonnées. Si vous n'arrivez pas à les repérer, communiquez avec nous à PublicationsArchive-ArchivesPublications@nrc-cnrc.gc.ca. Questions? Contact the NRC Publications Archive team atPublicationsArchive-ArchivesPublications@nrc-cnrc.gc.ca. If you wish to email the authors directly, please see the first page of the publication for their contact information. NRC Publications Archive Archives des publications du CNRCThis publication could be one of several versions: author's original, accepted manuscript or the publisher's version. / La version de cette publication peut être l'une des suivantes : la version prépublication de l'auteur, la version acceptée du manuscrit ou la version de l'éditeur. For the publisher's version, please access the DOI link below./ Pour consulter la version de l'éditeur, utilisez le lien DOI ci-dessous.http://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevA.92.033845Physical Review A: Atomic, Molecular, and Optical Physics, 92, 3, 2015-09-23 PHYSICAL REVIEW A 92, 033845 (2015) Interband Bloch oscillation mechanism for high-harmonic generation in semiconductor crystals High harmonic generation in semiconductors is analyzed for high mid-infrared laser intensities for which the electron-hole pair is driven beyond the first Brillouin zone and exhibits Bloch oscillations. We find that even a two-band analysis exhibits second and higher plateaus. Whereas the first plateau is shown to be consistent with high harmonic generation through electron-hole recollision, the higher plateaus arise from dynamic Bloch oscillations; however, the driving process is interband in nature, in contrast to the generally accepted intraband Bloch oscillation mechanism. Energy conservation is fulfilled, as harmonics beyond the first plateau come from a cascaded nonlinearity.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interband Bloch oscillation mechanism for high-harmonic generation in semiconductor crystals

et al. 2015

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“…We also study the orientation dependence of the third harmonic, which corresponds to the lowest-order nonlinearity for a system with inversion symmetry. The orientation dependence of the third-harmonic generation 17 is expected to be only slightly anisotropic based on the measured two independent components of the third-order susceptibility tensor 20 (χ (3) 1111 and χ (3) 1122 ). This is confirmed by our measurement at comparatively low field (∼0.25 V Å −1 ), shown in Fig.…”

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“…We find that harmonic e ciency is enhanced (diminished) for semi-classical electron trajectories that connect (avoid) neighbouring atomic sites in the crystal. These results indicate the possibility of using materials' own electrons for retrieving the interatomic potential and thus the valence electron density, and perhaps even wavefunctions, in an all-optical setting.High-harmonic generation (HHG) in bulk crystal is attributed to the sub-cycle electronic motion driven by an intense laser field [2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11] . There has been a growing interest in utilizing HHG to probe the electronic structure of solids 8,9,11 .…”

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Anisotropic high-harmonic generation in bulk crystals

2016

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The microscopic valence electron density determines the optical, electronic, structural and thermal properties of materials. However, current techniques for measuring this electron charge density are limited: for example, scanning tunnelling microscopy is confined to investigations at the surface, and electron di raction requires very thin samples to avoid multiple scattering 1 . Therefore, an optical method is desirable for measuring the valence charge density of bulk materials. Since the discovery of high-harmonic generation (HHG) in solids 2 , there has been growing interest in using HHG to probe the electronic structure of solids 3-11 . Here, using single-crystal MgO, we demonstrate that high-harmonic generation in solids is sensitive to interatomic bonding. We find that harmonic e ciency is enhanced (diminished) for semi-classical electron trajectories that connect (avoid) neighbouring atomic sites in the crystal. These results indicate the possibility of using materials' own electrons for retrieving the interatomic potential and thus the valence electron density, and perhaps even wavefunctions, in an all-optical setting.High-harmonic generation (HHG) in bulk crystal is attributed to the sub-cycle electronic motion driven by an intense laser field [2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11] . There has been a growing interest in utilizing HHG to probe the electronic structure of solids 8,9,11 . Vampa et al. reconstructed the momentum-dependent bandgap of ZnO along the -M direction using HHG from a two-colour driving field 11 . Luu et al. retrieved the energy dispersion of the lowest conduction band of SiO 2 assuming that the harmonics are produced by the intraband currents 8 . The dependence of solid-state HHG on the coupling of multiple electronic bands has also been identified with the production of even harmonics in GaSe 9 and the emergence of a second plateau in rare-gas solids 12 . These findings show the possibility of using solidstate HHG to probe the electronic band structures in solids, but the analyses are so far limited to one dimension. For a complete electronic structure, it is desirable to exploit the microscopic process to measure the periodic potential in three dimensions (real space). This is analogous to tomographic imaging of a molecule, where the three-dimensional spatial information (that is, orbital wavefunction) of the target molecule is extracted [13][14][15] . Those measurement techniques are based critically on the dependence of HHG efficiency on molecular alignment with respect to the laser field 16 .In this letter, we demonstrate the strong sensitivity of HHG to the atomic-scale structure in the cubic wide-bandgap crystal MgO. First, using a linearly polarized field, we measure a highly anisotropic angular distribution in high-harmonic signal-despite the isotropic linear and weakly anisotropic nonlinear optical properties of the cubic crystal in the perturbative regime 17 . Second, we observe a strong ellipticity dependence of the HHG yield similar to the gas-phase HHG 18 for small elliptic...

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“…Several models have been recently developed and applied in order to understand the experimental data and to guide future measurements [22][23][24][25]. Furthermore, it has been demonstrated that solid state samples can also be used as a generators of high order harmonic radiation, although the HHG phenomenon using bulk matter is at its very beginning, both theoretically and experimentally [26,27].…”

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High-order-harmonic generation driven by metal nanotip photoemission: Theory and simulations

et al. 2014

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We present theoretical predictions of high-order harmonic generation (HHG) resulting from the interaction of short femtosecond laser pulses with metal nanotips. It has been demonstrated that high energy electrons can be generated using nanotips as sources; furthermore the recollision mechanism has been proven to be the physical mechanism behind this photoemission. If recollision exists, it should be possible to convert the laser-gained energy by the electron in the continuum in a high energy photon. Consequently the emission of harmonic radiation appears to be viable, although it has not been experimentally demonstrated hitherto. We employ a quantum mechanical time dependent approach to model the electron dipole moment including both the laser experimental conditions and the bulk matter properties. The use of metal tips shall pave a new way of generating coherent XUV light with a femtosecond laser field.

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Generation and propagation of high-order harmonics in crystals

Cited by 194 publications

References 41 publications

Interband Bloch oscillation mechanism for high-harmonic generation in semiconductor crystals

Interband Bloch oscillation mechanism for high-harmonic generation in semiconductor crystals

Anisotropic high-harmonic generation in bulk crystals

High-order-harmonic generation driven by metal nanotip photoemission: Theory and simulations

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