Generation and Oxidation of Soot due to Fuel Films Utilizing High Speed Visualization Techniques

Roque, Anthony; Foucher, Fabrice; Imoehl, William; Hélie, Jérôme

doi:10.4271/2019-01-0251

Cited by 5 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…The second instant is at 40.7-ms aSOI. At this time, it was determined in a previous study 28 that the flame front interacts with the wall (flame arrival). The light and heavy ratios are presented for each timing.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The details of the main components are given in a recent publication. 28 The figure also indicates the region that will be studied in detail, the region of interest (ROI). The origin of the coordinates is on the left side of the plate, and all the figures presented below follow the same reference.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In order to avoid this interference, a small delay of 10 µm was imposed between each image. The reason why the DBI camera works at twice the frequency of LED is the “negative image lag” (see Roque et al 28 and Lind et al 33 for further details). The post-processing used to determine the KL factor can be found in the same references.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The possible strong influence of the composition of the fuel film on soot production when the wall temperature changes was reported in a previous study. 28 This compositional variation can be obtained due to preferential vaporization around the fuel film, where a distillation process 29,30 can drive distribution of the heavy and light vapor fractions of a multicomponent fuel, when the wall temperature changes. Preferential vaporization can have a great influence on soot generation because the particulate matter (PM) concentration increases with the increasing complexity of the fraction constituents of the fuel (alkenes and aromatics) with respect to n -alkanes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Impact of gasoline direct injection fuel films on exhaust soot production in a model experiment

Roque

Foucher

Lamiel

et al. 2019

International Journal of Engine Research

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The fuel films that can be generated during the injection process in gasoline direct injection engines are the most important factor in carbon particle mass and number. They also have an influence on combustion chamber and injector tip deposits. A model experiment was set up to study a liquid film, its evaporation, and combustion with soot generation on a metal plate in realistic engine conditions. The experiment was conducted in a dedicated constant volume vessel. A liquid fuel injection system (with injection pressures up to 100 bar) directs the spray onto a plate with a controlled temperature in the range of 80 °C–200 °C. The resulting liquid film and vaporization process were studied when subjected to interaction with a laminar spherical flame. A blend of four components was used as a gasoline surrogate. The liquid film spreading, thickness, and evaporation rates were initially measured in ambient conditions. Mie scattering and schlieren measurements in the chamber conditions returned a qualitative correlation of the vaporized area with the surface temperature. Fluorescence of the light and heavy fuel components was used to quantify the influence of the vaporization process on soot production. Simultaneous measurements of natural luminosity and KL factor were analyzed to understand the process of soot production. The results showed a critical wall temperature of 120 °C at which the maximum quantity of soot is generated, which can be due to the quantity and composition of fuel film in interaction with the entrainment flows generated during combustion.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Impact of gasoline direct injection fuel films on exhaust soot production in a model experiment

Roque

Foucher

Lamiel

et al. 2019

International Journal of Engine Research

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Aside lubrication problems, fuel wall films with fuel-rich regions in their vicinity are considered important sources of soot formation [18,19,20]. A detailled optical investigation in a wallguided optical SI engine [21] revealed two main mechanisms responsible for soot: 1) early during combustion due to the flame passing through regions with rich mixtures, much of this soot is however oxidized later on, and, 2) pool fires in the vicinity of walls lasting until late in the cycle when oxidation deteriorates [22,23]. Concerns with respect to the respiratory health effects of soot [24,25] have led to enforcement of corresponding legislation in many countries worldwide.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Large Eddy Simulations and Tracer-LIF Diagnostics of Wall Film Dynamics in an Optically Accessible GDI Research Engine

Frapolli¹,

Boulouchos²,

Wright³

et al. 2019

SAE Technical Paper Series

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Large Eddy Simulations (LES) and tracer-based Laser-Induced Fluorescence (LIF) measurements were performed to study the dynamics of fuel wall-films on the piston top of an optically accessible, four-valve pent-roof GDI research engine for a total of eight operating conditions. Starting from a reference point, the systematic variations include changes in engine speed (600; 1,200 and 2,000 RPM) and load (1000 and 500 mbar intake pressure); concerning the fuel path the Start Of Injection (SOI=360°, 390° and 420° CA after gas exchange TDC) as well as the injection pressure (10, 20 and 35 MPa) were varied. For each condition, 40 experimental images were acquired phase-locked at 10° CA intervals after SOI, showing the wall-film dynamics in terms of spatial extent, thickness and temperature. The simulation framework was developed as follows: first, the spray model was calibrated using spray morphology evolution data of the same injector, characterized in a constant volume spray chamber by high-speed shadow imaging. In a second step, the wall impingement and film models were calibrated using the reference condition. With the model constants now fixed, simulations were run for the remaining operating points and results were compared with the experimental data. The simulations captured all trends observed experimentally, with good quantitative in the transient films' spatial extents and thicknesses.

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Experimental study of turbulent flame propagation under wall film conditions

Zhang

Liang

Wang

et al. 2022

Fuel

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Generation and Oxidation of Soot due to Fuel Films Utilizing High Speed Visualization Techniques

Cited by 5 publications

References 47 publications

Impact of gasoline direct injection fuel films on exhaust soot production in a model experiment

Impact of gasoline direct injection fuel films on exhaust soot production in a model experiment

Large Eddy Simulations and Tracer-LIF Diagnostics of Wall Film Dynamics in an Optically Accessible GDI Research Engine

Experimental study of turbulent flame propagation under wall film conditions

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