Generation and nature of water-tolerant Lewis acid sites in In_xSn_10−xO_y/Al₂O₃ catalysts as active centers for the green synthesis of methyl lactate from glucose

Abstract

Solid Lewis acid catalysts are commonly used in the synthesis of methyl lactate (MLA). However, water as a solvent, reactant, or by-product adsorbed on the Lewis acid sites (LAS), resulted...

An encapsulation strategy to design an In-TS-1 zeolite enabling high activity and stability toward the efficient production of methyl lactate from fructose

“…Thus, we infer that Lewis acidity contained in the catalyst contributed positively to the synthesis of MLA. 26,31,48,49…”

“…Thus, we infer that Lewis acidity contained in the catalyst contributed positively to the synthesis of MLA. 26,31,48,49 Given our research objective to identify solid catalysts that possess both high activity and stability, recycling tests were conducted on In-TS-1-0.01 and Sn-TS-1-0.01, both of which exhibited high catalytic activity. The recycling tests were performed at 180 °C for 15 h. As shown in Fig.…”

Superhydrophobic MOF/polymer composite with hierarchical porosity for boosting catalytic performance in an humid environment

“…3 Moreover, in some cases, many heterogeneous Lewis acid catalysts are unstable in moisture systems and tend to hydrolyze. 3,4 These disadvantages severely limit the performance of this kind of catalyst in some practical applications. Consequently, the fabrication of hydrophobic, especially superhydrophobic catalysts that keep water molecules away from catalytic sites and reactants, is a promising method for resolving these problems.…”

“…2 This can cause partial deactivation of the acidic sites, thus restraining the chemical reaction process and efficiency. 3 Moreover, in some cases, many heterogeneous Lewis acid catalysts are unstable in moisture systems and tend to hydrolyze. 3,4 These disadvantages severely limit the performance of this kind of catalyst in some practical applications.…”