Generation and complete nondestructive analysis of hyperentanglement assisted by nitrogen-vacancy centers in resonators

Abstract

We present two efficient schemes for the deterministic generation and the complete nondestructive analysis of hyperentangled Bell states in both the polarization and spatial-mode degrees of freedom (DOFs) of two-photon systems, assisted by the nitrogen-vacancy (NV) centers in diamonds coupled to microtoroidal resonators as a result of cavity quantum electrodynamics (QED). With the input-output process of photons, two-photon polarization-spatial hyperentangled Bell states can be generated in a deterministic way and their complete nondestructive analysis can be achieved. These schemes can be generalized to generate and analyze hyperentangled Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger states of multi-photon systems as well. Compared with previous works, these two schemes relax the difficulty of their implementation in experiment as it is not difficult to obtain the π phase shift in single-sided NV-cavity systems. Moreover, our schemes do not require that the transmission for the uncoupled cavity is balanceable with the reflectance for the coupled cavity. Our calculations show that these schemes can reach a high fidelity and efficiency with current technology, which may be a benefit to long-distance high-capacity quantum communication with two DOFs of photon systems.

Resource-efficient analyzer of Bell and Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger states of multiphoton systems

“…By taking into account nonlinear processes, a complete GHZ-state analysis for photonic systems becomes possible [72,73], and can achieve perfect efficiency and fidelity for an ideal process. Moreover, a complete entangled-state analysis for hyperentangled or redundantly encoded photon pairs is possible [74][75][76][77][78][79]. The existing GHZ-state analyses typically require active operations and/or fast switching, and always require more quantum resources when the photon number of a given GHZ state increases.…”

Error-heralded generation and self-assisted complete analysis of two-photon hyperentangled Bell states through single-sided quantum-dot-cavity systems

“…However, completely analysis of the hyperentangled Bell-state is still a huge challenge in high-capacity quantum information processing. Considering that completely HBSA cannot be accomplished only with linear optical elements [39,40], researchers have gradually introduced nonlinear media [41][42][43][44][45][46][47][48] to assist complete HBSA. In 2010, Sheng et al [41] firstly presented a way to completely distinguish the 16 hyperentangled Bell states completely with cross-Kerr nonlinearity, and discussed its application in quantum hyperteleportation and hyperentanglement swapping.…”

General hyperconcentration of photonic polarization-time-bin hyperentanglement assisted by nitrogen-vacancy centers coupled to resonators

“…It can increase the channel capacity of quantum communication2021222324, achieve the complete Bell-state analysis for the quantum states in the polarization DOF11, be used to teleport the unknown quantum state in two DOFs21 and complete the hyperentanglement swapping between two photonic quantum systems without entanglement22, and help to design the deterministic hyperentanglement purification11121314 which solves the troublesome problem that the parties in quantum repeaters should sacrifice a large amount of quantum resources with conventional entanglement purification protocols (EPPs)910 as the deterministic EPPs11121314 work in a completely deterministic way252627. Recently, some interesting hyperentanglement concentration protocols (hyper-ECPs)2829303132333435 were proposed.…”

“…Therefore, the diamond NV center is an attractive platform for quantum information processing due to its long-lived coherence time at room temperature. Many interesting approaches for quantum computation and quantum communication have been proposed based on the NV center in diamond coupled to an optical cavity in theory2429444546 and implemented in experiment4041474849505152. For example, Ren et al 29 presented the spatial-polarization photonic hyperentanglement purification and concentration resorting to the nonlinear optics of the NV center embedded in a photonic crystal cavity coupled to a waveguide in 2013.…”

“…For example, Ren et al 29 presented the spatial-polarization photonic hyperentanglement purification and concentration resorting to the nonlinear optics of the NV center embedded in a photonic crystal cavity coupled to a waveguide in 2013. In 2015, Liu and Zhang24 presented two interesting schemes for the generation and complete nondestructive analysis of hyperentanglement assisted by nitrogen-vacancy centers in resonators. Jelezko et al 41 have experimentally demonstrated a conditional controlled quantum gate on electron-nuclear spins of an NV center in 2004.…”