Generating Working Hypotheses for Original Research Studies

Abstract

A hypothesis is a statement of the expected outcome of a research study, generally based on analysis of prior published knowledge, or with reference to the previous work of the investigators. The hypothesis forms the foundation of a research proposal. A study based, and planned, on a sound hypothesis may have a greater likelihood of meaningfully contributing to science. After the generation of a hypothesis, it is equally important to appropriately design and adequately power a study (by ensuring a sufficient sample size) in order to test the hypothesis. Adhering to principles discussed forthwith shall help young researchers to generate and test their own hypotheses, and these are best learnt with experience.

A Practical Guide to Writing Quantitative and Qualitative Research Questions and Hypotheses in Scholarly Articles

“…This statement is based on background research and current knowledge. 8 9 The research hypothesis makes a specific prediction about a new phenomenon 10 or a formal statement on the expected relationship between an independent variable and a dependent variable. 3 11 It provides a tentative answer to the research question to be tested or explored.…”

“…There are several characteristics of well-developed hypotheses. Good hypotheses are 1) empirically testable 7 10 11 13 ; 2) backed by preliminary evidence 9 ; 3) testable by ethical research 7 9 ; 4) based on original ideas 9 ; 5) have evidenced-based logical reasoning 10 ; and 6) can be predicted. 11 Good hypotheses can infer ethical and positive implications, indicating the presence of a relationship or effect relevant to the research theme.…”

Formulating Hypotheses for Different Study Designs

“…Thus, hypothesis can be defined as a proposed mechanism of a naturally occurring event or a proposed outcome of an intervention. 1 2 …”

“…This entails sample size calculation that often takes into account previously published observations and pilot studies. 2 3 In the era of digitization, hypothesis generation and testing may benefit from the availability of numerous platforms for data dissemination, social networking, and expert validation. Related expert evaluations may reveal strengths and limitations of proposed ideas at early stages of post-publication promotion, preventing the implementation of unsupported controversial points.…”

“…The following points are proposed for consideration while generating working and scientific hypotheses. 1 2 Table 1 summarizes these points.…”