Generating time series of virtual 3-D city models using a retrospective approach

Kaňuk, Ján; Gallay, Michal; Hofierka, Jaroslav

doi:10.1016/j.landurbplan.2015.02.015

Cited by 31 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 52 publications

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“…Regarding this, the demonstrated effect can be related to the non-expert population, which is increasingly aspiring on using various geoscientific products. The mentioned findings are particularly relevant for such geoscientific areas, where there are 3D data presented to users who have only partial geoscientific knowledge (teaching geography and other geosciences [6,55], virtual tourism [12,29] or urban, landscape and architectonic plans for the public [4,11]). …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…With the growing use of 3D technologies in many areas such as, geology, geomorphology, hydrology, oceanography, meteorology, teaching geography, virtual tourism, documentation and preservation of cultural heritage, urban and transport planning, noise mapping, 3D cadastre [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12] and others, the usability of 3D visualizations is increasingly discussed. The importance of 3D visualization increases also in other fields such as crisis management and air traffic control (ATC), which represent geoscientific areas highly motivated to secure user-friendly ergonomics [13,14].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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When the display matters: A multifaceted perspective on 3D geovisualizations

et al. 2017

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This study explores the influence of stereoscopic (real) 3D and monoscopic (pseudo) 3D visualization on the human ability to reckon altitude information in noninteractive and interactive 3D geovisualizations. A two phased experiment was carried out to compare the performance of two groups of participants, one of them using the real 3D and the other one pseudo 3D visualization of geographical data. A homogeneous group of 61 psychology students, inexperienced in processing of geographical data, were tested with respect to their efficiency at identifying altitudes of the displayed landscape. The first phase of the experiment was designed as non-interactive, where static 3D visual displays were presented; the second phase was designed as interactive and the participants were allowed to explore the scene by adjusting the position of the virtual camera. The investigated variables included accuracy at altitude identification, time demands and the amount of the participant's motor activity performed during interaction with geovisualization. The interface was created using a Motion Capture system, Wii Remote Controller, widescreen projection and the passive Dolby 3D technology (for real 3D vision). The real 3D visual display was shown to significantly increase the accuracy of the landscape altitude identification in non-interactive tasks. As expected, in the interactive phase there were differences in accuracy flattened out between groups due to the possibility of interaction, with no other statistically significant differences in completion times or motor activity. The increased number of omitted objects in real 3D condition was further subjected to an exploratory analysis.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

When the display matters: A multifaceted perspective on 3D geovisualizations

et al. 2017

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“…Urban planning is a use case with blurry boundaries and a large number of actors [275]. However, there have been many documented specific purposes, for instance, 3D geoinformation employed to facilitate park design [276], investigation of urban objects which would interfere with the planning of a new metro line [277], temporal analysis of changes in the landscape [278], for analysing the urban skyline [279,280], and for traffic simulation [281].…”

Section: Urban Planningmentioning

confidence: 99%

Applications of 3D City Models: State of the Art Review

Biljecki

Stoter

Ledoux

et al. 2015

IJGI

610

380

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In the last decades, 3D city models appear to have been predominantly used for visualisation; however, today they are being increasingly employed in a number of domains and for a large range of tasks beyond visualisation. In this paper, we seek to understand and document the state of the art regarding the utilisation of 3D city models across multiple domains based on a comprehensive literature study including hundreds of research papers, technical reports and online resources. A challenge in a study such as ours is that the ways in which 3D city models are used cannot be readily listed due to fuzziness, terminological ambiguity, unclear added-value of 3D geoinformation in some instances, and absence of technical information. To address this challenge, we delineate a hierarchical terminology (spatial operations, use cases, applications), and develop a theoretical reasoning to segment and categorise the diverse uses of 3D city models. Following this framework, we provide a list of identified use cases of 3D city models (with a description of each), and their applications. Our study demonstrates that 3D city models are employed in at least 29 use cases that are a part of more than 100 applications. The classified inventory could be useful for scientists as well as stakeholders in the geospatial industry, such as companies and national mapping agencies, as it may serve as a reference document to better position their operations, design product portfolios, and to better understand the market.

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“…Furthermore, we have examined examples of models that refer to the CityGML LODs but do not seem to be stored in CityGML or have any other relation with the standard (Nex and Remondino, 2013;Burochin et al, 2014;Qin, 2014;Becker, 2011;Kaňuk et al, 2015;Zhu and Hu, 2010). Finally, a number of publicly available data sets and specifications from companies, tenders and local governments have been examined as well (Novaković, 2011;Franić et al, 2009;Vande Velde, 2005;Blom ASA, 2011;Glasgow City Council, 2009;Vertex Modelling, 2013;NAVTEQ, 2011;Sanborn, 2014;CyberCity 3D, 2013).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

An improved LOD specification for 3D building models

Biljecki

Ledoux

Stoter

2016

Computers, Environment and Urban Systems

331

176

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The level of detail (LOD) concept of the OGC standard CityGML 2.0 is intended to differentiate multi-scale representations of semantic 3D city models. The concept is in practice principally used to indicate the geometric detail of a model, primarily of buildings. Despite the popularity and the general acceptance of this categorisation, we argue in this paper that from a geometric point of view the five LODs are insufficient and that their specification is ambiguous.We solve these shortcomings with a better definition of LODs and their refinement. Hereby we present a refined set of 16 LODs focused on the grade of the exterior geometry of buildings, which provide a stricter specification and allow less modelling freedom. This series is a result of an exhaustive research into currently available 3D city models, production workflows, and capabilities of acquisition techniques. Our specification also includes two hybrid models that reflect common acquisition practices. The new LODs are in line with the LODs of CityGML 2.0, and are intended to supplement, rather than replace the geometric part of the current specification. While in our paper we focus on the geometric aspect of the models, our specification is compatible with different levels of semantic granularity. Furthermore, the improved LODs can be considered format-agnostic.Among other benefits, the refined specification could be useful for companies for a better definition of their product portfolios, and for researchers to specify data requirements when presenting use cases of 3D city models. We support our refined LODs with experiments, proving their uniqueness by showing that each yields a different result in a 3D spatial operation.Keywords: Level of detail; 3D city modelling; 3D GIS; 3D building models; CityGML; Scale Highlights• CityGML LODs are an industry standard for conveying the grade of 3D city models.• The 5 LODs are not defined precisely, and they are not sufficient for this purpose.• We present a refined series of 16 LODs that overcomes these issues.

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Generating time series of virtual 3-D city models using a retrospective approach

Cited by 31 publications

References 52 publications

When the display matters: A multifaceted perspective on 3D geovisualizations

When the display matters: A multifaceted perspective on 3D geovisualizations

Applications of 3D City Models: State of the Art Review

An improved LOD specification for 3D building models

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