Generating Norm-Related Emotions in Virtual Agents

Ferreira, Nuno; Mascarenhas, Samuel; Paiva, Ana; Dignum, Frank; Breen, John Mc; Degens, Nick; Hofstede, Gert Jan

doi:10.1007/978-3-642-33197-8_10

Cited by 6 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…), his/her future decisions on whether or not to follow a certain norm. The emotional reactions of the agents are not only the result of the satisfaction of their objectives, but also of the actions carried out in the social environment, such as the violation of an important social norm, even if that action has contributed to the success of a personal objective [49].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Normative Emotional Agents: A Viewpoint Paper

Argente¹,

Val²,

Perez-Garcia³

et al. 2022

IEEE Trans. Affective Comput.

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Human social relationships imply conforming to the norms, behaviors and cultural values of the society, but also socialization of emotions, to learn how to interpret and show them. In multiagent systems, much progress has been made in the analysis and interpretation of both emotions and norms. Nonetheless, the relationship between emotions and norms has hardly been considered and most normative agents do not consider emotions, or vice-versa. In this article, we provide an overview of relevant aspects within the area of normative agents and emotional agents. First we focus on the concept of norm, the different types of norms, its life cycle and a review of multiagent normative systems. Secondly, we present the most relevant theories of emotions, the life cycle of an agent's emotions, and how emotions have been included through computational models in multiagent systems. Next, we present an analysis of proposals that integrate emotions and norms in multiagent systems. From this analysis, four relationships are detected between norms and emotions, which we analyze in detail and discuss how these relationships have been tackled in the reviewed proposals. Finally, we present a proposal for an abstract architecture of a Normative Emotional Agent that covers these four norm-emotion relationships.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Normative Emotional Agents: A Viewpoint Paper

Argente¹,

Val²,

Perez-Garcia³

et al. 2022

IEEE Trans. Affective Comput.

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“…It is however recently becoming clear that similar affect and culture models have important limitations and that inclusion of social context modeling mechanisms, linking emotion, culture and personality are required . Social identity, role, norms, and so on begin finding their way to agent cognition representation, for example, as contextual–institutional norm representations , norm related emotion elicitation , or social identity related anticipations . The following examples point out general shortcomings of the existing solutions.…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dramaturgical and dissonance theories in explicit social context modeling for complex agents

Kochanowicz¹,

Tan²,

Thalmann³

2015

Computer Animation & Virtual

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Expanding the spectrum of agent social capabilities is an important challenge in agent-based simulation and other domains. While human-like emotionality has been vastly explored in the last 20 years, little research addresses explicit, psychologically believable social situation modeling. Recently, some important elements have been underlined: hybrid connectionist models outside formal ontologies; complex subjective representations linking culture, personality and norms, and so on, but proposed solutions do not provide a formalized structure of a social experience, expressive and well-grounded in psychology. In this paper, we develop a new approach to social situation modeling based on the dramaturgical and dissonance theories. A new component (Dramaturgical Module) is described with implementation used to generate example behavior depicting new social modeling capabilities and a believable representation of the relevant psychological theories. We present a case scenario with a dramaturgical interpretation of dynamic social situations and related cognitive dissonances resulting in a simple and flexible classification. Easily usable in reasoning, planning or affect generation, dramaturgical interpretation is additionally presented here as basis of social affect generation.

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“…Our norm representation is based in the work presented in , (Castelfranchi et al 2000), (Dignum 1999), (Ferreira et al 2012) and (Oren et al 2009). We plan to include other attributes, such as the enforcers of the norm, in future work, but for now a norm contains the following attributes:…”

Section: A Computational Model For Normative Emotional Agentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The expectation-deviation is a measure of how unexpected the action was, and is also related with the salience of the norm, because the higher the salience the more unexpected it is to violate it and the more expected it is to fulfil it. These two variables will be computed using the formulas proposed in (Ferreira et al 2012).…”

Section: A Computational Model For Normative Emotional Agentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Agent Model for the Appraisal of Normative Events Based in In-Group and Out-Group Relations

Ferreira

Mascarenhas

Paiva

et al. 2013

AAAI

Self Cite

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Emotional synthetic characters are able to evaluate (appraise) events as positive or negative with their emotional states being triggered by several factors. Currently, the vast majority of models for appraisal in synthetic characters consider factors related to the goals and preferences of the characters. We argue that appraisals that only take into consideration these "personal" factors are incomplete as other more social factors, such as the normative and the social context, including in-group and out-group relations, should be considered as well. Without them, moral emotions such as shame cannot be appraised, limiting the believability of the characters in certain situations. We present a model for the appraisal of characters' actions that evaluates whether actions by in-group and out-group members which conform, or not, to social norms generate different emotions depending on the social relations between the characters. The model was then implemented in an architecture for virtual agents and evaluated with humans. Results suggest that the emotions generated by our model are perceived by the participants, taking into account the social context and that participants experienced very similar emotions, both in type and intensity, to the emotions appraised and generated by the characters.

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Generating Norm-Related Emotions in Virtual Agents

Cited by 6 publications

References 13 publications

Normative Emotional Agents: A Viewpoint Paper

Normative Emotional Agents: A Viewpoint Paper

Dramaturgical and dissonance theories in explicit social context modeling for complex agents

An Agent Model for the Appraisal of Normative Events Based in In-Group and Out-Group Relations

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