“…In recent years, many techniques have been developed to conduct information retrieval from social media data (Chua et al., 2019; Hasan et al., 2019), which include topic modeling using sentiment analysis (Deng et al., 2017; Wu & Cui, 2018), social network analysis using semantics and emotion mining (Kryvasheyeu et al., 2015), message tracking through a viral diffusion model (Goel et al., 2016), query‐based text extraction using location‐based entity models (Aker & Gaizauskas, 2015; Pournarakis et al., 2017), and generating spatial temporal graphs of semantic relations between concepts (Xu et al., 2017). Although these approaches provide a unique perspective and a set of tools to derive useful information from a given type of social media data, most of these approaches rely on ad hoc modeling techniques that require strong modeling assumptions.…”