Generally recognized as safe (GRAS) evaluation of 4-hexylresorcinol for use as a processing aid for prevention of melanosis in shrimp

Frankos, Vasilios H.; Schmitt, D.; Haws, Laurie C.; McEvily, A.J.; Iyengar, Radha; Miller, Sanford A.; Munro, I.C.; Clydesdale, F. M.; Forbes, Allan L.; Sauer, Robert M.

doi:10.1016/0273-2300(91)90007-i

Cited by 53 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…The effect of ascorbic acid, sodium bisulfate and other reducing agents on tyrosinase has been controversial over the years (Golan-Goldhirsch and Whitaker, 1984); moreover, the use of sulfites is becoming more and more restricted due to potential health hazards (Taylor and Bush, 1986). Presently, the use of 4-hexylresorcinol is considered to be safe in the food industry and is quite effective in prevention of shrimp melanosis McEvily et al, 1991) and for browning control in fresh and dried fruit slices (Frankos et al, 1991). However, as safety is of prime concern for an inhibitor to be used in the food industry, there is a constant search for better inhibitors from natural sources as they are largely free of any harmful side effects.…”

Section: Agriculture and Food Industrymentioning

confidence: 97%

Naturally occurring tyrosinase inhibitors: mechanism and applications in skin health, cosmetics and agriculture industries

Parvez

Kang

Chung

et al. 2007

Phytotherapy Research

365

260

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Tyrosinase is a copper-containing enzyme, which is widely distributed in microorganisms, animals and plants and is a key enzyme in melanin biosynthesis, involved in determining the color of mammalian skin and hair. In addition, unfavorable enzymatic browning of plant-derived foods by tyrosinase causes a decrease in nutritional quality and economic loss of food products. The inadequacy of current conventional methods to prevent tyrosinase action encourages researchers to seek new potent tyrosinase inhibitors for food and cosmetics. This article presents a study on the importance of tyrosinase, biochemical characteristics, type of inhibitions, activators from various natural sources with its clinical and industrial importance in recent prospects is discussed in this paper.

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Section: Agriculture and Food Industrymentioning

confidence: 97%

Naturally occurring tyrosinase inhibitors: mechanism and applications in skin health, cosmetics and agriculture industries

Parvez

Kang

Chung

et al. 2007

Phytotherapy Research

365

260

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…But they are less effective than sulfiting agents, since ascorbic acid is quickly consumed in the process of reducing quinones formed by tyrosinase. Recently the use of 4-hexylresorcinol is considered to be safe in the food industry and is quite effective in the prevention of shrimp melanosis and for browning control in fresh and dried fruit slices [147][148][149]. However, as safety is of prime concern for an inhibitor to be used in the food industry, there is a constant search for better inhibitors from natural sources as they are largely free of any harmful side effects.…”

Section: Application and Importance Of Inhibitorsmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…Among the 4-substituted resorcinols, the highest inhibition was obtained with hydrophobic substituents in the 4-position, such as 4-hexyl-and 4-dodecylresorcinol [147]. 4-Hexylresorcinol is claimed to be the most effective inhibitor for use in the food industry since it is water soluble, stable, nontoxic, nonmutagenic and noncarcinogenic, and it has been recognized as safe for use in the prevention of shrimp melanosis and for browning control of fresh and hot-air-dried apple slices as well as potatoes and avocados [148,149]. In the kinetic study, progress curves of enzymatic reaction in the presence of 4-substituted resorcinols showed a progressive decrease in initial velocity followed by a constant steady-state rate [146].…”

Section: Inhibitors From Synthetic Originsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tyrosinase inhibitors from natural and synthetic sources: structure, inhibition mechanism and perspective for the future

Kim

Uyama

2005

CMLS, Cell. Mol. Life Sci.

918

674

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Tyrosinase is known to be a key enzyme in melanin biosynthesis, involved in determining the color of mammalian skin and hair. Various dermatological disorders, such as melasma, age spots and sites of actinic damage, arise from the accumulation of an excessive level of epidermal pigmentation. In addition, unfavorable enzymatic browning of plant-derived foods by tyrosinase causes a decrease in nutritional quality and economic loss of food products. The inadequacy of current conventional techniques to prevent tyrosinase action encourages us to seek new potent tyrosinase inhibitors. This article overviews the various inhibitors obtained from natural and synthetic sources with their industrial importance.

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“…It has been shown that 4-hexylresorcinol is a competitive inhibitor (Jimenez and Garcıa-Carmona, 1997) and it has widely been described as a good alternative to the use of sulphites by dipping (Frankos et al, 1991;McEvily et al, 1991;Iyengar and McEvily, 1992;Otwell et al, 1992;Guandalini et al, 1998). The melanosis-inhibiting effect of 4-hexylresorcinol accompanied by several organic acids and chelating agents, has also been reported in prawns (Montero et al, 2001).…”

Section: Organoleptic Analysismentioning

confidence: 95%

Contribution to the Revision of the Senegalese Law on the Use of Sulfites for the Treatment of Crustaceans: the Case of Shrimp

Diouf¹,

Fall

Ayessou³

et al. 2016

JBLS

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Shrimp, by its considerable economic importance, is the second shellfish species exported in Senegal. Blackening of untreated sulfites shrimp causes discharges estimated at 10% of the total landed shrimp according to the shrimp processing plant companies. Health problems caused by handling and / or consumption of sulphites (asthmatic subjects) occured. residues could cause Technical trade Barriers in international exchanges. In Senegal, the Competent Authority (CA), a part of its mission of monitoring and inspection of fish products, especially shrimp, cooperate with two chemistry laboratories for detecting residues of SO2. However, the differences noted on the results provided by these two laboratories (Lab1 and 2) make difficult interpretations. This study aims to remove existing ambiguities on the analyzes and interpretation of results regarding to national and community regulations. During the study, more investigations and analyzes of archival data, samples of untreated and treated shrimp sodium metabisulfite were analyzed respectively in the laboratory of the Division of Inspection and Control (DIC) to assess blackening and laboratories 1, 2 and 3 for the detection of residual sulphite in shrimp. Firstly, the results show that the shrimp processing and regulations governing the residual SO2 levels in their flesh can not be effective without taking account of their caliber, and secondly, that the divergence of results provided by the Labo-1 and 2 is more methodological. Thus, the study calls for regulatory oversight in order to harmonize national and international regulations governing the residual SO2 levels in shrimp. It also recommends the creation of a common reference for the determination of residues of SO2 in the flesh of shrimp.

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Generally recognized as safe (GRAS) evaluation of 4-hexylresorcinol for use as a processing aid for prevention of melanosis in shrimp

Cited by 53 publications

References 12 publications

Naturally occurring tyrosinase inhibitors: mechanism and applications in skin health, cosmetics and agriculture industries

Naturally occurring tyrosinase inhibitors: mechanism and applications in skin health, cosmetics and agriculture industries

Tyrosinase inhibitors from natural and synthetic sources: structure, inhibition mechanism and perspective for the future

Contribution to the Revision of the Senegalese Law on the Use of Sulfites for the Treatment of Crustaceans: the Case of Shrimp

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