Generalizing the polymerization conditions for the production of monodisperse polymeric particles via dispersion polymerization

Saadat, Younes; Hosseinzadeh, Soleyman; Afshar‐Taromi, Faramarz; Eslami, Hormoz; Abdolbaghi, Samira

doi:10.1007/s00396-012-2812-x

Cited by 15 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…Hansen solubility parameters (HSP), often applied to estimate compatibility between solvent and polymer in industry, are used in this study to quantify the relative affinity between components of the system. A few studies have used HSPs to characterize batch dispersions of nonpolar monomers in polar solvent mixtures with varied monomer and solvent compositions . The semibatch system is very different, as it involves a continuous phase that contains low monomer concentrations (starved‐feed operation) in a nonpolar solvent mixture.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Design of Acrylic Dispersants for Nonaqueous Dispersion Polymerization: The Importance of Thermodynamics

Zhang

Hutchinson

2018

Macro Reaction Engineering

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Poly(acrylic) nanoparticles produced by nonaqueous dispersion (NAD) radical polymerization are important components in many automotive coating formulations. A series of experiments show that the properties of final dispersions (particle size distribution, viscosity, and stability) correlate to the thermodynamics of the NAD system, as characterized by solubility parameters and solubility distances among the continuous phase, the soluble polymeric dispersant, and the polymer particles. The insights gained have enabled the design of a macromonomer dispersant containing greater than 10 mol% 2‐hydroxyethyl methacrylate, a necessary functional comonomer addition for end‐use properties. Stable NAD products were synthesized by changing the principal component of the dispersant from butyl methacrylate to 2‐ethylhexyl methacrylate.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Design of Acrylic Dispersants for Nonaqueous Dispersion Polymerization: The Importance of Thermodynamics

Zhang

Hutchinson

2018

Macro Reaction Engineering

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“…[27], [28] In one effort, dispersion polymerization of five different alkyl methacrylate monomers was investigated in a methanol/water mixture (polar medium) with stabilizer PVP; the solubility parameter decreased for the longer alkyl chains (less polar monomers), indicating lower compatibility with the polar solvent mixture. [26] While smaller particles were produced with these less polar monomers, it was found that d p formed by poly(2-ethylhexyl methacrylate) and poly(lauryl methacrylate) was less sensitive to the change of medium polarity (modified by increasing the methanol amount in the binary solvent) compared to the particles synthesized with shorter chain alkyl methacrylates.…”

Section: Logm Wmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…A few literature studies have employed solubility parameters to interpret batch dispersion systems with varied monomer [26] and solvent compositions. [27], [28] In one effort, dispersion polymerization of five different alkyl methacrylate monomers was investigated in a methanol/water mixture (polar medium) with stabilizer PVP; the solubility parameter decreased for the longer alkyl chains (less polar monomers), indicating lower compatibility with the polar solvent mixture.…”

Section: Logm Wmentioning

confidence: 99%

The influence of adding functionality to dispersant and particle core compositions in non-aqueous dispersion polymerization

Yang

Hutchinson

2017

Reactive and Functional Polymers

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Nano-sized polyacrylate colloids (< 200 nm) at high solids level (~ 60 wt%) are prepared via non-aqueous dispersion (NAD) semibatch polymerization using n-butyl methacrylate (BMA)based macromer dispersants of varying chain lengths and levels of functionality provided by incorporation of 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA) comonomer. The effect of building the complexity of the core polymer recipe from methyl acrylate homopolymer to a five-monomer composition is systematically studied. While average particle size increased with the introduction of functional comonomers, the resulting NAD systems remained stable for all core compositions using both BMA macromers and a copolymer macromer containing 5 mol% HEMA. However, introduction of the HEMA functionality to the dispersant at levels of > 5 mol% led to destabilization of the dispersion. The polarity differences between the core compositions and dispersant polymers and the mixed continuous medium, as represented by Hansen solubility parameters, are qualitatively used to interpret the nucleation of particles and the effectiveness of the dispersants.

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“…One of the interesting issues regarding these particles, which has attracted the attention of scientific communities all around the world, is discovering new approaches for controlling their shape since different shapes can provide different functionalities. In conventional methods (e.g., emulsion, suspension, or dispersion polymerization), the minimization of the interfacial free energy usually results in spherical particles [1,2], whereas the production of nonspherical particles is preferred thanks to their exceptional properties rather than spherical ones [3]. In the past years, several efforts have been done to prepare such particles using different techniques [4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Micromolding-polymerization as a novel method for production of nonspherical polymer particles: formation mechanism of polystyrene particles

et al. 2015

Self Cite

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In the present study, time course analysis of micromolding-polymerization, as a novel approach for preparation of nonspherical particles, was carried out in order to investigate the formation mechanism of polystyrene particles. It was observed that incomplete half-shell, porous half-shell, and pitted olive-like particle are produced during reaction, respectively. The results showed that the surface area of polystyrene (PS) particles remains constant with increasing styrene conversion from 63 % up to 84 %. In addition, it was shown that particles with high porosity can be obtained during polymerization. Moreover, the effect of particle size distribution of micromolds (solvent-swollen polymeric particles), the presence of an excessive amount of hydrocarbon in the media, and the type of initiator on the shape of particles were investigated. The effect of stabilizer type on the shape and stability of produced particles was another factor that was examined. Production of particles having an almond shell-like shape in the presence of an excessive amount of hydrocarbon was one of the interesting findings of this study. In addition, it was found that the particle shape remains constant with changing stabilizer and initiator type.

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Generalizing the polymerization conditions for the production of monodisperse polymeric particles via dispersion polymerization

Cited by 15 publications

References 24 publications

Design of Acrylic Dispersants for Nonaqueous Dispersion Polymerization: The Importance of Thermodynamics

Design of Acrylic Dispersants for Nonaqueous Dispersion Polymerization: The Importance of Thermodynamics

The influence of adding functionality to dispersant and particle core compositions in non-aqueous dispersion polymerization

Micromolding-polymerization as a novel method for production of nonspherical polymer particles: formation mechanism of polystyrene particles

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