The boom of the internet during the last 10 years has produced an accelerated and slightly chaotic growth in information services. User frustration with multiple databases, confusing interfaces, bewildering query languages, search protocols, and differing results formats has also increased. These services need to be both integrated and homogenized. Hermes is a research tool that uses specially designed acquisition, parsing and presentation methods to integrate information resources, from searching in disparate bibliographic databases, to accessing the full text articles online, and developing a web of information associated with each reference, via one seamless common interface. The system has been developed with Open Source software and has a Web interface. At present it searches 17 bibliographic databases on several different platforms, and delivers results from more than 7,000 full text electronic journals. We also discuss the obstacles that exist for the development of this kind of tool, due to the lack of acceptance and implementation of standards, and compare Hermes with other similar projects.
Chaos to CosmosThere has been an explosive and rather chaotic growth in information services available on the internet in the last 10 years. Most of the service providers have migrated their database search platforms to the web, and the majority of academic journal publishers have developed electronic versions of their publications. (Grogg & Tenopir, 2000) This growth, like that of many other applications which have migrated or been developed on a web platform, ASIST 2002 Contributed Paper has been highly disorganized, and given the lack of rules and previously established standards, each supplier and publisher has decided independently both the formats and the access protocols for storage and search. As a result we have a tangle of sites, passwords, protocols and formats.As stated by Bollacker, Lawrence and Giles (2000): "Scientific literature accessible through the Web can be treated as a massive, noisy, disorganized database ...." Payette and Rieger (1997) comment on the same point, "Users often encounter frustration in their efforts to discover relevant sources, negotiate connections, learn resource-specific user interfaces, and search using a variety of inconsistent query languages and semantic conventions." The poor user is bewildered and is unable to use all the information services effectively. He/she is lost in the information space.Two basic problems can be identified: dispersion and heterogeneity. Information scatter makes it difficult to select and explore the range of available resources, and the user needs training in the use of heterogeneous systems to search and retrieve the information. As a first step we need to integrate and homogenize; that is, group together the greatest number possible of services in one place, with a single consistent interface. In an article about the creation of a Digital Library Federation, Liu et al. (2001) state clearly "The usefulness of the many on-line journals and sci...