Generalizing Planck’s distribution by using the Carati–Galgani model of molecular collisions

Carvalho, Rubens Diego Barbosa de; Souza, André M. C.

doi:10.1016/j.physa.2011.12.056

Cited by 1 publication

(1 citation statement)

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“…In fact, this black-body radiation formulation is a natural thermodynamic generalization for systems out of thermal equilibrium. We note that there were several other attempts to approach the problem within a generalized statistical framework (e.g., [45][46][47]). However, these were not based on the selfconsistent framework of the modern adaptation of nonextensive statistical mechanics, which leads to eq.…”

Section: Formulation Of Discrete Kappa Distributions -mentioning

confidence: 99%

Black-body radiation in space plasmas

Livadiotis¹,

McComas²

2021

EPL

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We generalize Planck's law for black-bodies, classically described by Maxwell-Boltzmann distributions, to include space and astrophysical plasmas described by kappa distributions. This provides the spectral intensity of electromagnetic radiation emitted by black bodies in thermal equilibrium with the surrounding and interacting plasmas. According to the generalized concept of thermal equilibrium, systems with correlations among their particles' velocities/energies reside in stationary states described by kappa distributions associated with the thermodynamic parameters of temperature and kappa index. Using these distributions, we derive the generalized expressions of the i) mean energy of photon ensemble, ii) spectral intensity with respect to frequency and wavelength, and iii) Stefan-Boltzmann law, characterized by the well-known fourth power of temperature, but now multiplied by a new kappa-dependent factor. Finally, we discuss the implications of these new developments for space and astrophysical plasmas.

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Section: Formulation Of Discrete Kappa Distributions -mentioning

confidence: 99%