Generalized Social Phobia

Mannuzza, Salvatore

doi:10.1001/archpsyc.1995.03950150062011

Cited by 229 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…According to Turk et al, females tend to have a higher risk for social anxiety disorder [35]. Social anxiety disorder is reported to be more likely to develop in younger people [36,37]. However, in this study the mean age of subjects in the high LSAS group was higher than that in the low LSAS.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 63%

Social anxiety disorder in genuine halitosis patients

Zaitsu

Ueno

Shinada

et al. 2011

Health and Quality of Life Outcomes

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BackgroundThere is a possibility that genuine halitosis patients' anxiety do not recover after oral malodor treatment due to their social anxiety disorder. The objective of this study was to investigate the influence of social anxiety disorder on the level of anxiety in genuine halitosis patients before and after treatment for oral malodor.MethodsThe subjects were 262 genuine halitosis patients who visited the Fresh Breath Clinic from March, 2008 to October, 2009. The subjects who had score 2 or higher by the organoleptic test were diagnosed as genuine halitosis patients. Gas chromatography (GC) was conducted before and after oral malodor treatment for the oral malodor measurement. Based on their risk of social anxiety disorder, subjects were divided into low- and high-risk groups using the Liebowitz Social Anxiety Scale (LSAS). The questions related to oral malodor and the clinical oral examination were both conducted before oral malodor treatment. The level of anxiety before and after oral malodor treatment was evaluated using the Visual Analogue Scale of Anxiety (VAAS).ResultsMore than 20% of subjects had a score of 60 or more on the LSAS (high LSAS group). The mean age and the percentage of females were significantly higher in the high LSAS group compared to the low LSAS group. The high LSAS group was more likely to have problems associated with oral malodor and to adopt measures against oral malodor compared to the low LSAS group. The mean concentrations of H2S and CH3SH by GC significantly decreased after the oral malodor treatment in both LSAS groups. VAAS scores also significantly decreased after treatment in both LSAS groups. The logistic regression analysis indicated that the high LSAS group had a 2.28 times higher risk of having a post-VAAS score of 50 or more compared to the low LSAS group.ConclusionsThis study revealed that genuine halitosis patients with a strong trait of social anxiety disorder have difficulty overcoming their anxiety about oral malodor. Oral malodor treatment of genuine halitosis patients requires not only regular oral malodor treatment but also attention to social anxiety disorder.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 63%

Social anxiety disorder in genuine halitosis patients

Zaitsu

Ueno

Shinada

et al. 2011

Health and Quality of Life Outcomes

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“…Past research suggests that performance-related fears have a higher age of onset than more generalized interactional and observational social fears. [15, 24] Indeed, in the present sample, rates of endorsement for some of the performance subtype symptoms were significantly higher among youth ages 12 and above than youth ages 6–11. For example, 62.5% of SAD youth ages 12 and older endorsed “inviting a friend to get together” as a scenario that causes them significant anxiety compared with only 31.8% of SAD youth ages 6–11 [ X 2 (1) = 16.05, P = 000].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 49%

Evaluation of the Proposed Social Anxiety Disorder Specifier Change for DSM-5 in a Treatment-Seeking Sample of Anxious Youth

et al. 2013

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Background The current proposal for the DSM-5 definition of social anxiety disorder (SAD) is to replace the DSM-IV generalized subtype specifier with one that specifies fears in performance situations only. Relevant evaluations to support this change in youth samples are sparse. Methods The present study examined rates and correlates of the DSM-IV and proposed DSM-5 specifiers in a sample of treatment-seeking children and adolescents with SAD (N = 204). Results When applying DSM-IV subtypes, 64.2% of the sample was classified as having a generalized subtype of SAD, with the remaining 35.2% classifying as having a nongeneralized subtype SAD. Youth with generalized SAD, relative to those with nongeneralized SAD, were older, had more clinically severe SAD, showed greater depressive symptoms, and were more likely to have a comorbid depressive disorder. No children in the current sample endorsed discrete fear in performance situations only in the absence of fear in other social situations. Conclusions The present findings call into question the meaningfulness of the proposed changes in treatment-seeking youth with SAD.

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“…These findings have been noted among both adolescents and adults (Page, 1990;Santesso, Schmidt, & Fox, 2004). Individuals with SAD often suffer from co-occurring alcohol problems (Mannuzza et al, 1995), and self-report measures indicate that they use substances as a coping mechanism to combat feelings of anxiety and fear in social contexts (Smail, Stockwell, Canter, & Hodgson, 1984). Hartman (1986) found that shy individuals reported using illicit drugs and alcohol to decrease social anxiety compared to non-shy individuals.…”

Section: Psychological Disordersmentioning

confidence: 84%

Shyness: Subtypes, Psychosocial Correlates, and Treatment Interventions

Jones¹,

Schulkin²

2014

PSYCH

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Decades of research on the study of introversion and extraversion have allowed researchers to distinguish among individual differences on each of these dimensions. Research indicates that shyness, a rather common personality trait, is a construct that is related, but not identical, to introversion. Once regarded as a unitary construct, modern day personality theorists propose that shyness is based on a number of orthogonal dimensions. Empirical evidence suggests that distinct subtypes of shyness develop as a result of differences in social approach and social avoidance behaviors. Temperamental shyness is a risk factor for behavioral and affective problems, as well as more severe psychological problems. This article focuses on the phenomenon of shyness by reviewing its subtypes, psychosocial correlates, and efficacious treatment interventions.

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Generalized Social Phobia

Abstract: Generalized social phobia (1) can be distinguished reliably from nongeneralized social phobia, (2) is a valid subtype, and (3) may characterize a familial form of the disorder.

Cited by 229 publications

References 26 publications

Social anxiety disorder in genuine halitosis patients

Social anxiety disorder in genuine halitosis patients

Evaluation of the Proposed Social Anxiety Disorder Specifier Change for DSM-5 in a Treatment-Seeking Sample of Anxious Youth

Shyness: Subtypes, Psychosocial Correlates, and Treatment Interventions

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