Generalized phase diffraction gratings with tailored intensity

Albero, Jorge; Moreno, Ignacio; Davis, Jeffrey A.; Cottrell, Don M.; Sand, David J.

doi:10.1364/ol.37.004227

Cited by 23 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…As we have shown in previous work, we can produce a number of equally intense orders [20], with tailored intensity [24], and grating profiles where different orders can be selectively eliminated or enhanced. Some examples of these parameters were shown in [24]. Once these parameters have been determined, we can generate a phase mapping LUT.…”

Section: Theory Of Optimal Beam Splittingmentioning

confidence: 75%

“…We applied phase profiles based on the optimal design of laser beam splitters presented by Romero and Dickey [22,23]. These designs provide better diffraction efficiency than binary phase designs of Dammann gratings, and allow different intensity and phase control on different diffraction orders, as well as producing arbitrary target diffraction orders [24,25].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Arithmetic of focused vortex beams in three-dimensional optical lattice arrays

et al. 2014

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In this work, we present a method to generate a 3D lattice of vortex beams. We apply phase look-up tables (LUTs) designed to generate gratings having an arbitrary content of diffraction orders. This phase LUT can be applied to a variety of diffraction optical elements, such as linear phase gratings, blazed diffractive lenses, and spiral phase patterns. We concentrate on combinations of all of these to create 3D structures of vortex beams. In particular, we generate all of these elements in the first output quadrant and eliminate the zero-order diffraction that often unavoidably accompanies these patterns. We discuss different ways of producing these 3D vortex gratings, and how the various output beams are related to the arithmetic of the 3D distribution of topological charges. Experimental results are provided by means of a liquid crystal spatial light modulator.

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Section: Theory Of Optimal Beam Splittingmentioning

confidence: 75%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Arithmetic of focused vortex beams in three-dimensional optical lattice arrays

et al. 2014

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“…Then, a proper look-up table can be applied following the procedure initiated by Romero and Dickey 14 , and extensively discussed in previous works 15, 16 , to equalize the energy on the different target diffraction orders. Following this procedure, a set T of target diffraction orders are selected in the grating, each described by a linear phase term exp( i 2 πkx / D ), where k is the integer order that denotes the order, D is the period of the grating, and where we selected the grating oriented in the x -coordinate.…”

Section: Methods and Techniquesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The application of the optimal efficient phase profile for fan-out diffractive elements 14 allowed the design of these vortex sensing phase gratings with arbitrary target diffraction orders, with arbitrary intensity 15 and with arbitrary relative phase 16 . The same approach can be applied to design two different phase gratings to be applied to two orthogonal states of polarizations, in order to produce a polarization diffraction grating (PDG) where the state of polarization can be defined at will at each diffraction order 17 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vector Beam Polarization State Spectrum Analyzer

Moreno

Davis

Badham

et al. 2017

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We present a proof of concept for a vector beam polarization state spectrum analyzer based on the combination of a polarization diffraction grating (PDG) and an encoded harmonic q-plate grating (QPG). As a result, a two-dimensional polarization diffraction grating is formed that generates six different q-plate channels with topological charges from −3 to +3 in the horizontal direction, and each is split in the vertical direction into the six polarization channels at the cardinal points of the corresponding higher-order Poincaré sphere. Consequently, 36 different channels are generated in parallel. This special polarization diffractive element is experimentally demonstrated using a single phase-only spatial light modulator in a reflective optical architecture. Finally, we show that this system can be used as a vector beam polarization state spectrum analyzer, where both the topological charge and the state of polarization of an input vector beam can be simultaneously determined in a single experiment. We expect that these results would be useful for applications in optical communications.

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“…Physically, the NMVMs operate on the same principle as phase-only holograms [46] and phase diffraction gratings. [47] However, when the number of beams becomes large, simply superimposing the phase functions corresponding to each beam will lead to a reduced total efficiency and a deviated power distribution among the beams. It would also cause inaccurate phase difference between the superimposed circularly polarized VBs with opposite spin states pointing in the same direction, thus resulting in location shifting of the mode on the HOPSs.…”

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confidence: 99%

A Single Noninterleaved Metasurface for High‐Capacity and Flexible Mode Multiplexing of Higher‐Order Poincaré Sphere Beams

et al. 2019

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gratings, [11] surface plasmon polariton mode couplers, [12] perturbed whispering gallery mode resonators, [13] and metasurfaces. [14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23] However, these VB generators can only produce a limited number of VBs, each with a uniform state-of-polarization (SOP), namely, scalar VBs. The broader class of generalized cylindrical vector vortex beams (VVBs), described by higherorder Poincaré spheres (HOPSs), can be represented by a coherent superposition of two circularly polarized scalar VBs with opposite spin states. [24,25] By virtue of their inhomogeneous SOP wavefront, the VVBs are useful for sub-diffraction focusing, [26] optical trapping, [27] lasers, [28] nondiffracting beams, [29] etc. Traditionally, generation of VVBs typically requires a number of cascaded optical components. [24,26,28,30] More recently, reflective/transmissive single-layer metasurfaces and transmissive dielectric gratings have been utilized for producing HOPS beams, while the generated multiplexed beams can carry a very limited number of modes, viz, one or two, [31][32][33][34][35][36] thus providing only a limited degree-of-freedom in terms of wavefront structuring and information-transferring channels.There has been considerable recent interest in developing the ability to form multiple concurrent beams with different wavefronts, which is especially desirable in the area of information technology. To this end, the shared-aperture method, Cylindrical vector vortex beams, a particular class of higher-order Poincaré sphere beams, are generalized forms of waves carrying orbital angular momentum with inhomogeneous states-of-polarization on their wavefronts. Conventional methods as well as the more recently proposed segmented/ interleaved shared-aperture metasurfaces for vortex beam generation are either severely limited by bulky optical setups or by restricted channel capacity with low efficiency and mode number. Here, a noninterleaved vortex multiplexing approach is proposed, which utilizes superimposed scattered waves with opposite spin states emanating from all meta-atoms in a coherent manner, counter-intuitively enabling ultrahigh-capacity, high-efficiency, and flexible generation of massive vortex beams with structured state-of-polarization. A series of exemplary prototypes, implemented by sub-wavelength-thick metasurfaces, are demonstrated experimentally, achieving kaleidoscopic vector vortex beams. This methodology holds great promise for structured wavefront shaping, vortex generation, and high information-capacity planar photonics, which may have a profound impact on transformative technological advances in fields including spin-Hall photonics, optical holography, compressive imaging, electromagnetic communication, and so on.

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Generalized phase diffraction gratings with tailored intensity

Cited by 23 publications

References 15 publications

Arithmetic of focused vortex beams in three-dimensional optical lattice arrays

Arithmetic of focused vortex beams in three-dimensional optical lattice arrays

Vector Beam Polarization State Spectrum Analyzer

A Single Noninterleaved Metasurface for High‐Capacity and Flexible Mode Multiplexing of Higher‐Order Poincaré Sphere Beams

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