Generalized K distribution: a statistical model for weak scattering

Jakeman, E.; Tough, R.J.A.

doi:10.1364/josaa.4.001764

Cited by 241 publications

(141 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…The generalized K distribution, derived from an n-dimensional random-walk model of weak scattering,1 8 ' 19 can be expressed in terms of a smearing operation that involves the K' distribution. The generalized K distribution can be written as…”

Section: Doubly Stochastic Representations For the Irradiance Distribmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Two physically distinct doubly stochastic representations were developed for the K distribution and for some of its generalizations. In the first, considered by Yasuda 3 and pursued by a number of researchers, 12,13,17,19,[23][24][25][26] the second moment of a Rayleigh distribution is smeared by a gamma distribution. In the second, considered by Lewinski,' 4 the mean of a gamma distribution is smeared by another gamma distribution.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Multiply stochastic representations for K distributions and their Poisson transforms

Teich

Diament

1989

J. Opt. Soc. Am. A

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Section: Doubly Stochastic Representations For the Irradiance Distribmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multiply stochastic representations for K distributions and their Poisson transforms

Teich

Diament

1989

J. Opt. Soc. Am. A

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“…The homodyned K distribution of the backscattered echo envelope can be expressed in terms of an improper integral as follows [22]:…”

Section: Backscattered Echo Assessmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Temperature Monitoring during Focused Ultrasound Treatment by Means of the Homodyned K Distribution

et al. 2017

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Temperature monitoring is essential for various medical treatments. In this work, we investigate the impact of temperature on backscattered ultrasound echo statistics during a high intensity focused ultrasound treatment. A tissue mimicking phantom was heated with a spherical ultrasonic transducer up to 56 • C in order to imitate tissue necrosis. During the heating, an imaging scanner was used to acquire backscattered echoes from the heated region. These data was then modeled with the homodyned K distribution. We found that the best temperature indicator can be obtained by combining two parameters of the model, namely the backscattered echo mean intensity and the effective number of scatterers per resolution cell. Next, ultrasonic thermometer was designed and used to create a map of the temperature induced within the tissue phantom during the treatment.

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“…The scatterers in most biological tissues can be arranged in various manners. Therefore, some non-Rayleigh distributions, such as Rician [3], K [4], homodyned K [5], and generalized K [6], have been applied to encompass both the pre-Rayleigh and post-Rayleigh statistics. Estimation methods for the parameters of the K models have also been explored [7][8][9][10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ultrasound Detection of Scatterer Concentration by Weighted Entropy

Tsui

2015

Entropy

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Abstract:Ultrasound backscattering signals depend on the microstructures of tissues. Some studies have applied Shannon entropy to analyze the uncertainty of raw radiofrequency (RF) data. However, we found that the sensitivity of entropy in detecting various scatterer concentrations is limited; thus, we propose a weighted entropy as a new information entropy-based approach to enhance the performance of scatterer characterization. A standard simulation model of ultrasound backscattering was used to generate backscattered RF signals with different number densities of scatterers. The RF signals were used to estimate the weighted entropy according to the proposed algorithmic scheme. The weighted entropy increased from 0.08 to 0.23 (representing a dynamic range of 0.15) when the number density of scatterers increased from 2 to 32 scatterers/mm 2 . In the same range of scatterer concentration, the conventional entropy increased from 0.16 to 0.19 (a dynamic range of 0.03). The results indicated that the weighted entropy enables achieving a more sensitive detection of the variation of scatterer concentrations by ultrasound.

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Generalized K distribution: a statistical model for weak scattering

Cited by 241 publications

References 11 publications

Multiply stochastic representations for K distributions and their Poisson transforms

Multiply stochastic representations for K distributions and their Poisson transforms

Temperature Monitoring during Focused Ultrasound Treatment by Means of the Homodyned K Distribution

Ultrasound Detection of Scatterer Concentration by Weighted Entropy

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