Generalized impedance model and interaction analysis for multiple grid-forming and grid-following converters

Jiang, Shan; Konstantinou, Georgios

doi:10.1016/j.epsr.2022.108912

Cited by 17 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…There are two ways in which the weak grid is analogous to the rigid grid: The grid voltage at point of interconnection often contains several different harmonics, and the grid impedance (Z) is not inconsequential and changes extensively. Consequently, distortion is caused by grid harmonics, and unstable impedance values threaten the system's integrity [4]. Converter control variables and grid fluctuations influence the system's stability in [5,6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dynamic modelling and a dual vector modulated improved model predictive control with auto tuning feature of active front‐end converters for distributed energy resources

Debnath,

Gupta,

Kumar

et al. 2024

IET Generation Trans & Dist

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The operational performance of grid‐connected active front‐end converters (AFEs) faces challenges arising from the intricate interplay among phase‐locked loop (PLL) non‐linearities, grid impedance, and conventional control strategies, resulting in compromised stability. This study introduces a refined approach to dynamic model predictive control (MPC) by integrating recursive least squares (RLS) for the precise estimation of physical model parameters, thereby addressing stability concerns. Unlike conventional methodologies, the proposed enhanced RLS‐based MPC approach, equipped with an auto‐tuning feature, allows for the design of controllers without a prerequisite understanding of exact external dynamics. Notably, this technique exhibits exceptional disturbance rejection capabilities. The evaluation of the cost function at each sampling interval facilitates the determination of optimal switching states based on predicted variables. Gate pulses for the switches of the AFEs are generated accordingly. Employing a simulation platform, the proposed control structure's performance across varied conditions is comprehensively assessed, encompassing alterations in grid impedance and system non‐linearities. The method adeptly integrates inherent non‐linearities within the system, showcasing exceptional robustness in diverse dynamic scenarios. To further substantiate the efficacy of the proposed control system over conventional approaches, simulation results are validated using a laboratory hardware platform equipped with Typhoon HIL and dSPACE real‐time emulators, providing tangible evidence of the proposed control system's effectiveness in real‐world hardware setups. The multifaceted approach, encompassing precise parameter estimation, predictive control, auto‐tuning, disturbance rejection, robust design, and real‐time evaluation, collectively establishes a resilient foundation for enhancing and maintaining the overall stability of the system across diverse operating scenarios.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dynamic modelling and a dual vector modulated improved model predictive control with auto tuning feature of active front‐end converters for distributed energy resources

Debnath,

Gupta,

Kumar

et al. 2024

IET Generation Trans & Dist

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…However, its scope was limited to GFL-controlled converters. Additionally, when both GFL and GFM controls are considered 17,18 , the analysis either provides tuning recommendations rather than an explanation of the stabilizing impact of the GFM control, or it compares GFM and GFL based on a voltage source/current source behavior, which is an unfair comparison as the distinction stems from a circuit difference rather than a control difference (LC filter for GFM-controlled converters and LCL filter for GFL-controlled converters). Finally, even in studies directly targeting the improvement brought by GFM controls, little attention is paid to their specific type.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

On the Stabilizing Contribution of Different Grid-Forming Controls to Power Systems

Lamrani,

Colas,

Cutsem

et al. 2024

Preprint

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The increasing penetration of power-electronics interfaced resources brings new challenges regarding the small-signal stability of power systems. To address this issue, grid-forming controlled converters have emerged as an alternative to their conventional grid-following counterparts. This paper investigates the mechanisms behind converters driven stability and quantifies the stabilizing effect of grid-forming controls. The linearized state space model of different combinations of control strategies is analyzed in a multi-infeed system considering various operating points. Through a parametric sensitivity study and an examination of the participation factors of key eigenvalues of the linearized models, it is confirmed that grid-forming controls contribute to system stabilization. Moreover, this paper demonstrates that this stabilizing effect varies significantly depending on the specific grid-forming control implemented: whether a current control loop is used or not, notably impacts stability.

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“…However, it has limited its scope to GFL-controlled converters. Finally, when both GFL and GFM controls are considered [11], [12], the analysis either provides tuning recommendations rather than an explanation of the stabilizing impact of the GFM control, or the comparison between GFM and GFL is based on a voltage source/current source behavior, which is an unfair comparison as the distinction stems from a circuit difference rather than a control difference (LC filter for GFM-controlled converters and LCL filter for GFL-controlled converters). Finally, even when a study is directly targeted towards the study of the improvement brought by GFM controls, little attention is paid to the type of GFM controls.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

On the Respective Contributions of Different Grid-Forming Controls to Small-Signal Stability

Lamrani¹,

Colas²,

Cutsem³

et al. 2023

Preprint

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<p>This paper investigates the mechanisms behind converters driven stability and the stabilizing effect of grid-forming control. The study is carried out by analyzing the linearized state space model of different combinations of controls in a multi-infeed system at various operating points. By conducting a parametric sensitivity study and analyzing the participation factors of key eigenvalues of the linearized models, it is confirmed that grid-forming controls bring a stabilizing effect to the system. Moreover, this paper will demonstrate that this effect varies significantly with the considered grid-forming control: whether a current control loop is used or not significantly impacts stability.</p>

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Generalized impedance model and interaction analysis for multiple grid-forming and grid-following converters

Cited by 17 publications

References 46 publications

Dynamic modelling and a dual vector modulated improved model predictive control with auto tuning feature of active front‐end converters for distributed energy resources

Dynamic modelling and a dual vector modulated improved model predictive control with auto tuning feature of active front‐end converters for distributed energy resources

On the Stabilizing Contribution of Different Grid-Forming Controls to Power Systems

On the Respective Contributions of Different Grid-Forming Controls to Small-Signal Stability

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