Generalized Cost of Freight Multimodal System in Java

Abstract

The multimodal system in Indonesia requires development in order to create a more efficient and reliable freight transport and diminish the domination of road transport, i.e. trucks. The utilization of more than one mode in a multimodal system, where there is a door-to-door element, requires a network development concept that refers to the use of generalized costs, instead of costs incurred to use the system (out of pocket). Generalized cost is the concept of monetization of time, distance and cost variables into a certain unit value (time or cost). The aim of this study is to analyze the generalized cost model of freight transport in Java based on truck, train and ship modes. In this paper, the generalized cost variable used is based on the viewpoint from freight forwarders and shippers obtained through primary surveys and the AHP method cost, reliability and lead time. Monetization of reliability and lead time variables on costs is based on a stated preference survey, the results of which show that the truck mode has a time VOR Rp 1,181,771 and VOT Rp 174,079 (per delivery per hour). These values are the largest compared to the other modes considering that congestion and the unavailability of adequate infrastructure are the factors that cause delays. The results of the generalized cost show that the ship mode, which has the largest generalized cost value, is 1.29 times more expensive than the truck mode considering that the journey is heavily influenced by weather and has a need for further modes to the destination as well as additional handling equipment which increases transportation costs. The outcome are expected to be used by the government as a reference in determining multimodal transport development policies which will enable the system to compete in the logistics sector.