Generalized anxiety disorder, with or without co-morbid major depressive disorder, in primary care: Prevalence of painful somatic symptoms, functioning and health status

Romera, Irene; Fernández-Pérez, Sabela; Montejo, Ángel L.; Caballero, Fernando; Caballero, Luis; Arbesú, José Ángel; Delgado-Cohen, Helena; Desaiah, Durisala; Polavieja, Pepa; Gilaberte, Inmaculada

doi:10.1016/j.jad.2010.05.009

Cited by 47 publications

(43 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…29 Painful physical symptoms frequently accompanied GAD in primary care according to a recent study in Spain. 30 It is interesting that pregabalin is approved by regulatory authorities in Europe for both neuropathic pain and GAD, while in the United States it is approved for fibromyalgia, another pain disorder associated with GAD. 31 Duloxetine, approved for GAD in Europe and in the United States, is also approved for fibromyalgia in the United States.…”

Section: Somatic Comorbiditymentioning

confidence: 99%

Generalized Anxiety Disorder: A Review of Recent Findings

Allgulander

2012

Journal of Experimental & Clinical Medicine

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Section: Somatic Comorbiditymentioning

confidence: 99%

Generalized Anxiety Disorder: A Review of Recent Findings

Allgulander

2012

Journal of Experimental & Clinical Medicine

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“…In the relevant literature, we did not come across any study conducted with a design that categorizes the pain in MBB and AD. In one study, the "BPI inventory" and questioned "average pain" intensity were found to be highest in the joint diagnosis of MBB and AD; however, the lack of assessment under "least pain," "average pain," and "worst pain" has lead to restrictions in terms of comparing our findings (17).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 68%

“…In yet another study, the BPI was used in AD and MDD, similar to our study; however, patients with additional psychiatric diagnoses were also included in the research. Here, the frequency of pain in the co-existence of MDD and AD was 78%, while this figure was 59% in MDD-only cases (17). In a study conducted on patients who feel pain due to physical illnesses, the MDD and AD rates were examined as additional diagnosis, and it was found that the frequency of MDD along with pain was 31.5%, a higher figure than that of AD and pain (8.9%) (3).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 76%

Assessment of pain symptoms experienced in major depressive disorder and anxiety disorder

Koksal¹,

Aslan²,

Yazici³

2017

Dusunen Adam

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Assessment of pain symptoms experienced in major depressive disorder and anxiety disorderObjective: Ever since the important role serotonin plays in the mechanism of pain emergence became known, there has been a heightened interest in examining the pain that accompanies psychiatric disorders. However, the relationship between pain and psychiatric disorders remains unclear. In this study, we aimed to obtain information about the frequency and characteristics of pain seen in patients diagnosed with major depressive disorder (MDD) and anxiety disorder (AD). Method: The Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HAM-D), the Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HAM-A), and the "Brief Pain Inventory" (BPI) were administered to 94 patients diagnosed with MDD and 94 patients diagnosed with AD, respectively. Comparisons between the diagnosed groups, pain characteristics and sociodemographic variables were examined using the Chi-square and Mann-Whitney U tests in the statistical software package SPSS 11.0. Spearman's rho test was utilized in order to examine correlation. Results: Pain complaints in the MDD group were found in 55.3% (n=52), while this figure was 52.1% (n=49) in the AD group. There was no difference in the frequency of experiencing pain between the two groups (p>0.05). Variations of age, gender, and employment status did not correlate to differences in the presence of pain in MDD (p>0.05). In the AD group however, while there were no differences in age and gender regarding the presence of pain, complaints were more frequent in patients who did not work (p<0.05). In both groups, with a longer period of education the patients had received, there was a decrease in pain frequency (p<0.05). There was a positive correlation between HAM-D and HAM-A scores and pain intensity (HAM-D rho=0.217, HAM-A rho=-0.088, p<0.05); however, no correlation was found with the number of pain locations (HAM-D rho=0.165, HAM-A rho=0.105, p>0.05). It was found that pain affected self-care negatively in MDD (p<0.05). Conclusion:The frequency of pain experienced in MDD and AD patients whom we assessed with the pain survey form was quite high. Additionally, an important finding was that while there was an increase in the intensity of pain with HAM-D , there was no increase in pain locations. It is important that pain is examined and evaluated as a symptom that can emerge in psychiatric disorders and not just a symptom in relation to physical illness. Keywords: Anxiety disorders, major depressive disorder, mental health, pain ÖZET Majör depresif bozukluk ve anksiyete bozukluklarında görülen ağrı semptomunun değerlendirilmesiAmaç: Serotoninin ağrının ortaya çıkış mekanizmasında önemli etkisi olduğu bilindiğinden bu yana psikiyatrik bozukluklara eşlik eden ağrıya olan ilgi artmıştır. Fakat ağrı ile psikiyatrik bozuklukların ilişkisi henüz net olarak bilinmemektedir. Çalışmamızda majör depresif bozukluk (MDB) ve anksiyete bozukluğu (AB) tanısı olanlarda ağrı sıklığı ve özellikleri konusunda bilgi edinmeyi amaçladık. Yöntem: Doksan dört MDB 94...

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“…4,5 Studies have shown that pain and mental health issues seldom occur in isolation but rather in combination with one another. 3,6,7 This comorbidity may result in an overall negative impact and studies indicate that individuals with chronic pain and co-occurring mental health disorders experience more intense levels of pain [8][9][10] and affective distress, 11 as well as greater disability. 9 In addition, studies have shown diminishing health-related quality of life correlating with increasing physical and mental burdens on the individual.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…9 In addition, studies have shown diminishing health-related quality of life correlating with increasing physical and mental burdens on the individual. 9,10,12 To date, most of the published research has focused on chronic pain as an entity, and there has been limited research examining the association of neuropathic pain and psychological comorbidity. Findings from civilian studies suggest that individuals with neuropathic pain symptoms report higher levels of anxiety and depression in addition to diminished self-rated health compared with those classified with nonneuropathic pain, even when adjusted for intensity levels and duration of pain.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%