Generalized Anxiety Disorder, Major Depressive Disorder, and Their Comorbidity as Predictors of All-Cause and Cardiovascular Mortality: The Vietnam Experience Study

Phillips, Anna C.; Batty, G. David; Gale, Catharine R.; Deary, Ian J.; Osborn, David; MacIntyre, Kate

doi:10.1097/psy.0b013e31819e6706

Cited by 157 publications

(107 citation statements)

References 53 publications

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“…In addition, the finding presenting anxiety as an independent predictor of cardiac events and poor outcomes should be considered in the light of the following issues. Although we reported findings from previous studies on the relationship between pure anxiety and CHD, anxiety and depression themselves seem to have a moderate to strong correlation, meaning that it is not entirely possible to disentangle their effects on one another (77).…”

Section: Resultscontrasting

confidence: 44%

A Narrative Review of the Relationship Between Coronary Heart Disease and Anxiety

Dahale

Menon

Jaisoorya

2017

Iran J Psychiatry Behav Sci

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Context: Coronary heart disease (CHD) is the most common cause of death and disability in the world. While the relationship between depression and CHD is well documented, anxiety remains understudied, despite its common cooccurrence. Evidence Acquisition: A PubMed (MEDLINE) search was conducted in order to find articles published between January 2000 and December 2015, using the following keywords: "coronary heart disease" and "anxiety". In total, 79 out of 1138 articles were considered relevant by consensus between the authors and were reviewed. Results: According to previous studies, anxiety is suggested to increase the risk of CHD. Anxiety is associated with an increase in cardiac complications, morbidity and mortality. Also, a lower quality of life has been described among patients after acute coronary syndrome, with a few studies reporting contradictory findings. Although studies on anxiety management in CHD are sparse, selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors have been shown to be relatively safe for patients. On the other hand, psychological interventions have not been adequately evaluated, although some studies have revealed their advantages. Conclusions: Evidence suggests that anxiety is associated with the development and course of CHD. Awareness and appropriate training in cardiology settings need to be prioritized to improve early identification and initiation of effective management.

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Section: Resultscontrasting

confidence: 44%

A Narrative Review of the Relationship Between Coronary Heart Disease and Anxiety

Dahale

Menon

Jaisoorya

2017

Iran J Psychiatry Behav Sci

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“…Given the paucity of available evidence, as well as its inconsistency, we examined the relationship between MDD and GAD, measured by standard psychiatric assessment, and lung function in a large, well characterized cohort of US army veterans. It is worth noting that in this cohort GAD has proved to be as strong, if not stronger, a predictor than MDD of health outcomes such as all-cause and cardiovascular disease mortality (13), metabolic syndrome (14) and hypertension (15). However, in general, GAD has received far less attention in the context of physical health outcomes than MDD.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Ethical approval for the study was given by various bodies, including the US Centers for Disease Control. Details of sampling at each stage of data collection have been described elsewhere (13). In brief, inclusion criteria were: entered military service between January 1, 1965 and December 31, 1971; served only one term of enlistment; served at least 16 weeks of active duty; earned a military specialty other than "trainee" or "duty soldier"; had a military pay grade at discharge no higher than sergeant.…”

Section: Participantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Generalized Anxiety Disorder is Associated With Reduced Lung Function in the Vietnam Experience Study

Phillips

Gale

Batty

2011

Psychosomatic Medicine

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“…Ethical approval for the study was given by various bodies, including the US Centers for Disease Control and participants gave informed consent. Details of sampling at each stage of data collection are described more fully elsewhere (Batty et al, 2008;Phillips et al, 2009). Inclusion criteria were: entered military service between January 1, 1965 and December 31, 1971; served only one term of enlistment and at least 16 weeks of active duty; earned a military specialty other than "trainee" or "duty soldier"; had a military pay grade at discharge no higher than sergeant.…”

Section: Samplementioning

confidence: 99%

Cognitive ability in early adulthood is associated with systemic inflammation in middle age: The Vietnam experience study

Phillips

Batty

Zanten

et al. 2011

Brain, Behavior, and Immunity

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We examined the prospective association between cognitive ability in early adulthood and erythrocyte sedimentation rate, a marker of inflammation, in middle age.Participants were 4256 male Vietnam era US veterans. Data on cognitive ability, assessed by the Army General Technical Test, ethnicity, and place of service were extracted from enlistment files. Smoking behaviour, alcohol consumption, basic sociodemographics, and whether participants suffered from a physician diagnosed chronic disease were determined by telephone interview in middle-age in 1985. Erythrocyte sedimentation rate, cholesterol, blood pressure, height, and weight were measured at a 3-day medical examination in 1986. In linear regression models that adjusted for age and then additionally for circumstantial, socio-demographic, lifestyle, and health factors, poor cognitive ability in early adulthood was associated with greater erythrocyte sedimentation rate in middle age, β = -.09. Thus, it would appear that not only does systemic inflammation affect cognition, but also that poor cognitive ability earlier in life increases the risk of developing inflammation.

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Generalized Anxiety Disorder, Major Depressive Disorder, and Their Comorbidity as Predictors of All-Cause and Cardiovascular Mortality: The Vietnam Experience Study

Cited by 157 publications

References 53 publications

A Narrative Review of the Relationship Between Coronary Heart Disease and Anxiety

A Narrative Review of the Relationship Between Coronary Heart Disease and Anxiety

Generalized Anxiety Disorder is Associated With Reduced Lung Function in the Vietnam Experience Study

Cognitive ability in early adulthood is associated with systemic inflammation in middle age: The Vietnam experience study

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