Generalized adaptive singular spectrum decomposition and its application in fault diagnosis of rotating machinery under varying speed

Abstract

Rotating machinery fault signals often consist of multiple components with time varying frequencies under variable speed conditions. Spectral overlap exists among these components, making it difficult to independently separate the features of the components. Singular spectrum decomposition (SSD), a singular spectrum analysis-based signal decomposition method, has shown its great potential in suppressing background noise and extracting fault-related components in complex background noise environments. However, SSD is a frequency domain decomposition method with equivalent filtering characteristics, and it is susceptible to the mode mixing when processing signals with spectral overlap. Moreover, the choice of a key parameter in the iteration decomposition process of SSD, the embedding dimension, is determined using an empirical formula, which might cause suboptimal decomposition outcomes. To address these issues, this paper proposes a generalized adaptive singular spectrum decomposition (GASSD) method, which combines generalized demodulation with improved embedding dimension selection for SSD. GASSD incorporates SSD into the framework of adaptive generalized demodulation to separate specific frequency domain features. Firstly, for an effective generalized demodulation analysis, a region block synchronous ridge extraction method is proposed to accurately estimate the instantaneous frequency ridges from the time-frequency plane, which helps construct proper demodulation phase functions. Secondly, to achieve optimal analysis of SSD, a Gini moderation decomposition index is designed to improve the construction of the trajectory matrix by determining an appropriate embedding dimension. Finally, the reliability of the proposed method is demonstrated by analyzing wind turbine generator bearing fault signals and rotor rubbing fault signals.