Generalizability and comparability of prevalence estimates in the wild bird literature: methodological and epidemiological considerations

Vogt, Nadine A.; Stevens, Christian P G; Pearl, David L.; Taboada, Eduardo; Jardine, Claire M.

doi:10.1017/s1466252320000043

Cited by 14 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 61 publications

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“…Numerous findings suggest that wild birds, given their ability to fly long distances and their ubiquity, play an important role in the epidemiology and evolution of Campylobacter spp. [8,9]. In addition, some wild bird species have successfully adapted to anthropogenic environments and routinely come into close contact with livestock, domestic animals, and people [9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Molecular Characterization and Antimicrobial Susceptibility of C. jejuni Isolates from Italian Wild Bird Populations

et al. 2020

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Poultry is considered a major reservoir of human campylobacteriosis. It also been reported that not only poultry, but also wild birds, are capable of carrying C. jejuni, thus demonstrating to be a risk of spreading the bacteria in the environment. To gain insight into the population structure and investigate the antimicrobial resistance genotypes and phenotypes, we analyzed a collection of 135 C. jejuni from 15 species of wild birds in Italy. MLST revealed the presence of 41 sequence types (STs) and 13 clonal complexes (CCs). ST-179 complex and the generalist ST-45 complex were the most prevalent. Core genome MLST revealed that C. jejuni from ST-45 complex clustered according to the bird species, unlike the ST-179 complex which featured 3 different species in the same cluster. Overall we found a moderate prevalence of resistance to tetracycline (12.5%), ciprofloxacin and nalidixic acid (10%). The novel ST isolated from one pigeon showed resistance to all the antibiotics tested. The ST-179 complex (33.3%) was identified with significantly higher nalidixic acid resistance relative to other tested STs. Nine AMR genes (tet(O), cmeA, cmeB, cmeC, cmeR, aad, blaOXA-61, blaOXA-184 and erm(B)) and 23S rRNA and gyrA-associated point mutations were also described, indicating a concordance level between genotypic and phenotypic resistance of 23.3%, 23.4% and of 37.5% for streptomycin, tetracycline and quinolones/fluoroquinolones, respectively. We recommend that particular attention should be given to wild birds as key sentinel animals for the ecosystem contamination surveillance.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[8,9]. In addition, some wild bird species have successfully adapted to anthropogenic environments and routinely come into close contact with livestock, domestic animals, and people [9]. They are, therefore, considered as reservoirs of farm animals and human infection [10,11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular Characterization and Antimicrobial Susceptibility of C. jejuni Isolates from Italian Wild Bird Populations

et al. 2020

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“…(2016a) suggested that raccoons likely acquired resistant bacteria from dumpsters within conservation areas. Another limitation of this work relates to our method of sampling raccoons; since this was conducted with baited traps, the selection of study individuals is likely biased to some degree (Vogt et al., 2020). As a result of sampling animals in this way, it is possible that our study group represents a subpopulation of raccoons that may be either more or less likely to carry Campylobacter due to differences in physiology, behaviour, and/or feeding habits.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…only 10 locations). Such details were qualitatively iden- traps, the selection of study individuals is likely biased to some degree (Vogt et al, 2020). As a result of sampling animals in this way, it is possible that our study group represents a subpopulation of raccoons that may be either more or less likely to carry Campylobacter due to differences in physiology, behaviour, and/or feeding habits.…”

Section: Sub-categorymentioning

confidence: 99%

Epidemiology of Campylobacter jejuni in raccoons (Procyon lotor) on swine farms and in conservation areas in southern Ontario

Vogt

Pearl

Taboada

et al. 2020

Zoonoses and Public Health

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Campylobacter is a leading cause of foodborne illness in humans worldwide. Sources of infection are often difficult to identify, and are, generally, poorly understood. Recent work suggests that wildlife may represent a source of Campylobacter for human infections. Using a repeated cross‐sectional study design, raccoons were trapped on five swine farms and five conservation areas in southern Ontario from 2011 to 2013. Our objectives were to: (a) assess the impact of seasonal, climatic, location, annual and raccoon demographic factors on the occurrence of Campylobacter jejuni in these animals; and (b) identify clusters of C. jejuni in space, time and space‐time using spatial scan statistics. Multi‐level multivariable logistic regression was used to examine the odds of isolating C. jejuni, with site and animal modelled as random intercepts. The following independent variables were examined: raccoon age and sex, year, location type, season, temperature and rainfall. A total of 1,096 samples were obtained from 627 raccoons; 46.3% were positive for C. jejuni. The following interactions and their main effects were significant (p < .05) and retained in the final model: season × temperature, year × rainfall, year × temperature. Based on the results from our multivariable model and spatial scan statistics, climatic variables (i.e. rainfall, temperature and season) were associated with the carriage of C. jejuni by raccoons, but the effects were not consistent, and varied by location and year. Although raccoons may pose a zoonotic risk due to their carriage of Campylobacter, further work is required to characterize the transmission and movement of this microorganism within the ecosystem.

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“…Seagulls, birds, land mammals, cetaceans, and other wildlife may also be contributors of AMR bacteria and ARGs in the environment [190][191][192][193][194][195][196]. However, the human health risks associated with AMR bacteria and ARGs in wildlife have not been fully evaluated, given the lack of surveillance data for clinically relevant AMR bacteria and ARGs in wildlife [193].…”

Section: Birds and Other Wildlifementioning

confidence: 99%

Antibiotic Resistance in Recreational Waters: State of the Science

Nappier

Liguori

Ichida

et al. 2020

IJERPH

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Ambient recreational waters can act as both recipients and natural reservoirs for antimicrobial resistant (AMR) bacteria and antimicrobial resistant genes (ARGs), where they may persist and replicate. Contact with AMR bacteria and ARGs potentially puts recreators at risk, which can thus decrease their ability to fight infections. A variety of point and nonpoint sources, including contaminated wastewater effluents, runoff from animal feeding operations, and sewer overflow events, can contribute to environmental loading of AMR bacteria and ARGs. The overall goal of this article is to provide the state of the science related to recreational exposure and AMR, which has been an area of increasing interest. Specific objectives of the review include (1) a description of potential sources of antibiotics, AMR bacteria, and ARGs in recreational waters, as documented in the available literature; (2) a discussion of what is known about human recreational exposures to AMR bacteria and ARGs, using findings from health studies and exposure assessments; and (3) identification of knowledge gaps and future research needs. To better understand the dynamics related to AMR and associated recreational water risks, future research should focus on source contribution, fate and transport—across treatment and in the environment; human health risk assessment; and standardized methods.

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Generalizability and comparability of prevalence estimates in the wild bird literature: methodological and epidemiological considerations

Cited by 14 publications

References 61 publications

Molecular Characterization and Antimicrobial Susceptibility of C. jejuni Isolates from Italian Wild Bird Populations

Molecular Characterization and Antimicrobial Susceptibility of C. jejuni Isolates from Italian Wild Bird Populations

Epidemiology of Campylobacter jejuni in raccoons (Procyon lotor) on swine farms and in conservation areas in southern Ontario

Antibiotic Resistance in Recreational Waters: State of the Science

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