“…Another very widespread thesis maintains that precedents are binding when courts are obligated to follow them (see, e.g., Cross and Harris 1991, 3–4 and chap. 3; Gascón 1993a, 212; Guastini 2011, 262; Iturralde 2013, 196; Kelsen 1945, 149–50; 1967, 250–6; Schauer 2009, 36–44; Raz 2009, 183; Wróblewski 2001, 305). From this point of view, the existence of a binding precedent depends on the existence of a regulative or prescriptive norm, particularly a norm that, under certain circumstances, qualifies the normative action of following the precedent as mandatory.…”