General Technical Approvals for Decentralised Sustainable Urban Drainage Systems (SUDS)—The Current Situation  in Germany

Dierkes, C.; Lucke, Terry; Helmreich, Brigitte

doi:10.3390/su7033031

Cited by 63 publications

(62 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…To retain these heavy metals from traffic area runoff, decentralized stormwater treatment systems are used, which can be designed as an integral part of existing urban infrastructure [18]. Sedimentation and filtration are the retention mechanisms used to remove particle-bound metals.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of Factors Influencing Lab-Scale Studies to Determine Heavy Metal Removal by Six Sorbents for Stormwater Treatment

Huber

Badenberg

Wulff

et al. 2016

Water

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For the development of decentralized treatment systems for road runoff, the determination of pollutant removal capacities is essential. The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of boundary conditions on the simultaneous removal of copper, nickel, and zinc by six sorbents used for urban stormwater treatment (i.e., granular activated alumina, anthracite, granular reactivated carbon, granular ferric hydroxide, calcium carbonate, and granular activated lignite). For batch experiments, capacities were determined at initial concentrations within the range of 2.5-180 mg/L with a rotary shaker. Further influences were investigated: the use of a horizontal shaker for concentrations of up to 1080 mg/L, a variation of the initial pH value (5 and 7), and the presence of a buffer. Furthermore, the influences of the filtration process on the capacities were studied. Kinetic experiments were conducted for contact times between 5 min and 120 min. Lab-scale column experiments with inflow concentrations of 2.5 mg/L (copper and nickel) and 5.0 mg/L (zinc) at an initial pH of 5 and a contact time of 11 min were performed for comparison. Selected experiments were subsequently carried out with changes in initial concentrations and contact time. One result is that it is essential to conduct batch experiments with the metals of interest. The capacities determined by column experiments deviated from batch experiments. Batch experiments under well-defined conditions can be used to evaluate different production batches. Column experiments give a more faithful capacity by considering realistic boundary conditions and should be preferred to determine efficiencies and service lives.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of Factors Influencing Lab-Scale Studies to Determine Heavy Metal Removal by Six Sorbents for Stormwater Treatment

Huber

Badenberg

Wulff

et al. 2016

Water

Self Cite

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“…Since the runoff loads are also influenced by special site-specific factors (e.g., nearby industries like Zn smelters) and non-traffic related emissions, a runoff treatment of distinct traffic area categories (e.g., highways, roads, and frequently used parking lots) is also necessary. This can be done by permeable pavements, grass swales, and technical stormwater treatment systems [96,97].…”

Section: Transportation Of Traffic Related Heavy Metalsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stormwater Management: Calculation of Traffic Area Runoff Loads and Traffic Related Emissions

Huber¹

2016

Water

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Metals such as antimony, cadmium, chromium, copper, lead, nickel, and zinc can be highly relevant pollutants in stormwater runoff from traffic areas because of their occurrence, toxicity, and non-degradability. Long-term measurements of their concentrations, the corresponding water volumes, the catchment areas, and the traffic volumes can be used to calculate specific emission loads and annual runoff loads that are necessary for mass balances. In the literature, the annual runoff loads are often specified by a distinct catchment area (e.g., g/ha). These loads were summarized and discussed in this paper for all seven metals and three types of traffic areas (highways, parking lots, and roads; 45 sites). For example, the calculated median annual runoff loads of all sites are 355 g/ha for copper, 110 g/ha for lead (only data of the 21st century), and 1960 g/ha for zinc. In addition, historical trends, annual variations, and site-specific factors were evaluated for the runoff loads. For Germany, mass balances of traffic related emissions and annual heavy metal runoff loads from highways and total traffic areas were calculated. The influences on the mass fluxes of the heavy metal emissions and the runoff pollution were discussed. However, a statistical analysis of the annual traffic related metal fluxes, in particular for different traffic area categories and land uses, is currently not possible because of a lack of monitoring data.

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“…Water can be released gradually or utilised for non-potable purposes. All the devices in Table 1 can play a pivotal role in tackling the impacts of climate change, whether via Ecosystem Services provision through GI [12], or the flooding reduction benefits of devices such as porous paving [7,13]. However, underlying these factors are site-specific features of the drainage catchment which impact on the potential to infiltrate on site, detain water and also to be able to convey it to the next SuDS device, the receiving watercourse or groundwater reservoir.…”

Section: Suds Device Grouping Function Example Devicesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The approach is being encouraged through policy and legislation, for example in England, the National Planning Policy Framework and its associated technical guidance [6] prioritise their use. However, it is applicable globally, e.g., [7,8]. SuDS are said to be multiple benefit and flexible in Table 1.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Decision-Making and Sustainable Drainage: Design and Scale

2016

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Sustainable Drainage (SuDS) improves water quality, reduces runoff water quantity, increases amenity and biodiversity benefits, and can also mitigate and adapt to climate change. However, an optimal solution has to be designed to be fit for purpose. Most research concentrates on individual devices, but the focus of this paper is on a full management train, showing the scale-related decision-making process in its design with reference to the city of Coventry, a local government authority in central England. It illustrates this with a large scale site-specific model which identifies the SuDS devices suitable for the area and also at the smaller scale, in order to achieve greenfield runoff rates. A method to create a series of maps using geographical information is shown, to indicate feasible locations for SuDS devices across the local government authority area. Applying the larger scale maps, a management train was designed for a smaller-scale regeneration site using MicroDrainage ® software to control runoff at greenfield rates. The generated maps were constructed to provide initial guidance to local government on suitable SuDS at individual sites in a planning area. At all scales, the decision about which device to select was complex and influenced by a range of factors, with slightly different problems encountered. There was overall agreement between large and small scale models.

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General Technical Approvals for Decentralised Sustainable Urban Drainage Systems (SUDS)—The Current Situation in Germany

Cited by 63 publications

References 11 publications

Evaluation of Factors Influencing Lab-Scale Studies to Determine Heavy Metal Removal by Six Sorbents for Stormwater Treatment

Evaluation of Factors Influencing Lab-Scale Studies to Determine Heavy Metal Removal by Six Sorbents for Stormwater Treatment

Stormwater Management: Calculation of Traffic Area Runoff Loads and Traffic Related Emissions

Decision-Making and Sustainable Drainage: Design and Scale

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