General Systems Theory: Foundations, Developments, Applications

Bertalanffy, Ludwig von; Sutherland, John W.

doi:10.1109/tsmc.1974.4309376

Cited by 491 publications

(623 citation statements)

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“…In the book General Systems Theory, Von Bertalanffy (1969) presented the three premises that set the basis of his approach:…”

Section: General Systems Theorymentioning

confidence: 99%

Interdisciplinary Integrated Tools to Problem Solving: A Short Course

Espona¹

2016

UCER-A

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Undoubtedly, we live in an information society. However, do we have the tools to deal with this situation? Since the explosion of internet, most of the world communities use the web to search for information. Some people know how to do it and other just open Google, write some words, and that is it. Then, when we try to conceptualize a problem, it is difficult to narrow down the huge amount of information to a spectrum in order to have a clear picture of it. Considering the difficulties that we saw in our students, we develop in 2014 a short course articulating systems theory, mapping studies, information quality, and competing hypothesis. Tools come from different areas of knowledge, but when used sequentially, the students go from problem conceptualization to hypothesis testing. So far, we presented it four times, with a very positive feedback of the students. In this paper, we will present our course and some of the fundamental outcomes of it.

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“…In the book General Systems Theory, Von Bertalanffy (1969) presented the three premises that set the basis of his approach:…”

Section: General Systems Theorymentioning

confidence: 99%

Interdisciplinary Integrated Tools to Problem Solving: A Short Course

Espona¹

2016

UCER-A

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“…Living organisms can be conceived of as systems composed of sets of interrelated elements (von Bertalanffy 1973) that are compounded into new elements at the next higher level of organisation (e.g., atoms, cells, organs, individuals ;Caprara 1996). At each level of the systemic structure, compositional elements function together as a whole.…”

Section: Presuppositions Made About Individuals As Living Organismsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interpreting “Personality” Taxonomies: Why Previous Models Cannot Capture Individual-Specific Experiencing, Behaviour, Functioning and Development. Major Taxonomic Tasks Still Lay Ahead

Uher

2014

Integr. psych. behav.

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As science seeks to make generalisations, a science of individual peculiarities encounters intricate challenges. This article explores these challenges by applying the Transdisciplinary Philosophy-of-Science Paradigm for Research on Individuals (TPS-Paradigm) and by exploring taxonomic "personality" research as an example. Analyses of researchers' interpretations of the taxonomic "personality" models, constructs and data that have been generated in the field reveal widespread erroneous assumptions about the abilities of previous methodologies to appropriately represent individual-specificity in the targeted phenomena. These assumptions, rooted in everyday thinking, fail to consider that individualspecificity and others' minds cannot be directly perceived, that abstract descriptions cannot serve as causal explanations, that between-individual structures cannot be isomorphic to within-individual structures, and that knowledge of compositional structures cannot explain the process structures of their functioning and development. These erroneous assumptions and serious methodological deficiencies in widely used standardised questionnaires have effectively prevented psychologists from establishing taxonomies that can comprehensively model individual-specificity in most of the kinds of phenomena explored as "personality", especially in experiencing and behaviour and in individuals' functioning and development. Contrary to previous assumptions, it is not universal models but rather different kinds of taxonomic models that are required for each of the different kinds of phenomena, variations and structures that are commonly conceived of as "personality". Consequently, to comprehensively explore individual-specificity, researchers have to apply a portfolio of complementary methodologies and develop different kinds of taxonomies, most of which have yet to be developed. Closing, the article derives some meta-desiderata for future research on individuals' "personality".Key words: personality functioning and development; phenomenon-methodology matching; betweenindividual and within-individual differences; nomothetic and ideographic approaches; standardised questionnaire methods; traits; Big Five Model and Five Factor Model; Compositional Structures and process structures; personality model and taxonomy. . Interpreting "personality" taxonomies: Why previous models cannot capture individual-specific experiencing, behaviour, functioning and development. Major taxonomic tasks still lay ahead. Integrative Psychological and Behavioral Science, 49,

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“…Our basis for studying ecosystems was the General Systems Theory of Ludwig von Bertalanffy (1968) who defined a system as "a set of elements standing in interrelation among themselves and with the environment". We present the ecosystems, giving a simple view of them and avoiding the properties they have.…”

Section: Coverage and Invariance In Ecosystemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Coverage and invariance for the biological control of pests in mediterranean greenhouses

Lloret-Climent¹,

Amorós-Jiménez²,

González-Franco³

et al. 2014

Ecological Modelling

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A major problem related to the treatment of ecosystems is that they have no available mathematical formalization. This implies that many of their properties are not presented as short, rigorous modalities, but rather as long expressions which, from a biological standpoint, totally capture the significance of the property, but which have the disadvantage of not being sufficiently manageable, from a mathematical standpoint. The interpretation of ecosystems through networks allows us to employ the concepts of coverage and invariance alongside other related concepts. The latter will allow us to present the two most important relations in an ecosystem -predator-prey and competition -in a different way. Biological control, defined as "the use of living organisms, their resources or their products to prevent or reduce loss or damage caused by pests", is now considered the environmentally safest and most economically advantageous method of pest control (Van Lanteren, 2011). A guild includes all those organisms that share a common food resource (Polis et al., 1989), which in the context of biological control means all the natural enemies of a given pest. There are several types of intraguild interactions, but the one that has received most research attention is intraguild predation, which occurs when two organisms share the same prey while at the same time participating in some kind of trophic interaction. However, this is not the only intraguild relationship possible, and studies are now being conducted on others, such as oviposition deterrence. In this article, we present statistical data to assess the effect of volatile compounds excreted by intra-and interspecific competitors on the oviposition behavior of female syrphids (Amoros-Jimenez, 2013) and we apply the developed concepts of structural functions, coverage, invariant sets, etc. (Lloret et al., 1998; Lloret, 2006,a,b, 2007) to biological control in the specific case of a Mediterranean greenhouse.

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General Systems Theory: Foundations, Developments, Applications

Cited by 491 publications

References 0 publications

Interdisciplinary Integrated Tools to Problem Solving: A Short Course

Interdisciplinary Integrated Tools to Problem Solving: A Short Course

Interpreting “Personality” Taxonomies: Why Previous Models Cannot Capture Individual-Specific Experiencing, Behaviour, Functioning and Development. Major Taxonomic Tasks Still Lay Ahead

Coverage and invariance for the biological control of pests in mediterranean greenhouses

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