General synthesis of Pd–pm (pm = Ga, In, Sn, Pb, Bi) alloy nanosheet assemblies for advanced electrocatalysis

Abstract

A universal synthesis approach has been proposed to produce a series of well-defined Pd–pm (pm = Ga, In, Sn, Pb, Bi) alloy nanosheet assemblies.

Low‐Dimensional Metallic Nanomaterials for Advanced Electrocatalysis

“…Thus, PdRh, PdIr, PdMo, PdGa, and PdBi nanosheets have been successfully synthesized, all of which show excellent electrocatalytic performance for electrochemical reactions. [28][29][30]…”

“…In terms of the classification from chemical composition, metallic nanomaterials can be classified into precious metal‐based and nonprecious metal‐based catalysts. Generally, precious metal catalysts include Pt‐group elements (Pt, Pd, Os, Ru, Rh, and Ir), [ 28 ] while nonprevious metal catalysts mainly consist of other 3d transition metal element, such as Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, and Ag. [ 29 ] Introducing two or more elements into Pt‐group elements could yield precious metal‐based nanomaterials, while the other metallic nanomaterials could be defined as nonprecious metal‐based metallic catalysts.…”

“…From the perspective of the electrochemical reaction mechanism, electrochemical reactions typically take place on the surface of the catalyst, where the adsorption/desorption energy of the key reaction intermediates at individual active sites is crucial for determining their ultimate electrocatalytic performance. [ 21–28 ] Following this guidance, nanoengineering offers an unprecedented opportunity for advancing the design and fabrication of metallic electrocatalysts with high electrocatalytic performance. Among the various nanostructures, low‐dimensional metallic nanomaterials (LDMNs), such as 0D nanoparticles/nanodots, 1D nanorods/nanowires/nanotubes, and 2D nanoplates/nanosheets/nanomeshes, have played significant roles in the search for advanced electrocatalysts because of a high density of unsaturated atoms and high exposure of surface active areas for electrochemical reactions, as well as accelerated electron transfer for high electrical conductivity and excellent resistance to dissolution.…”

Platinum‐Based Electrocatalysts for Direct Alcohol Fuel Cells: Enhanced Performances toward Alcohol Oxidation Reactions

“…A modulated electronic structure is necessary for a high‐active catalyst because it is favourable for lowing the adsorption energy of the reactants adsorbed on the catalyst surface. For metal electrocatalysts, one of the most effective strategies to modify their electronic structure is to introduce the second or more metal elements into Pt matrix to form bimetallic or multi‐metallic nanocrystals [46,99–103] . The d‐band centre of Pt will be shifted because the mismatch arrangement of atoms in Pt‐based bimetallic or multi‐metallic catalysts results in lattice strain, including tensile strain and compressive stress.…”

Ga‐Doped Intermetallic Pd3Pb Nanocubes as a Highly Efficient and Durable Oxygen Reduction Reaction Electrocatalyst

“…In addition, doping one more element into nanocrystals is also a well‐known approach to boost catalytic activity and durability [42,43] . In comparison with commonly used transition metals, Ga, a p‐block metal, was sporadically reported to have positive impact on activity and durability of platinum‐group metals electrocatalysts [43,44] . For example, Huang and his co‐workers have demonstrated that doping Ga in Pt nanowires can significantly improve the catalytic activity and durability for ORR by the strong p‐d hybridization interactions [32] .…”