General synthesis of carbon-coated nanostructure Li4Ti5O12as a high rate electrode material for Li-ion intercalation

Cheng, Liang; Yan, Jing; Zhu, Guannan; Luo, Jiayan; Wang, Congxiao; Xia, Yongyao

doi:10.1039/b914604k

Cited by 255 publications

(148 citation statements)

References 51 publications

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“…19,20 Anatase TiO 2 is known to be a electrochemically active with a capacity of about 0.6 lithium ion in Li 36,37 or noble metals (such as Ag), 38 or oxides (such as RuO 2 ). 39 Although noble metals and oxides could improve electronic conductivities, they do increase the cost of the active materials and reduce the weight fraction of active materials.…”

Section: ■ Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Three-Dimensional Coherent Titania–Mesoporous Carbon Nanocomposite and Its Lithium-Ion Storage Properties

Shen

Uchaker

Cheng

et al. 2012

ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces

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Mesoporous, micro/nanosized TiO 2 /C composites with uniformly dispersed TiO 2 nanoparticles embedded in a carbon matrix have been rationally designed and synthesized. In brief, TiO 2 precursor was infiltrated into the channels of surfaceoxidized mesoporous carbon (CMK-3) by means of electrostatic interaction, followed by in situ hydrolysis and growth of TiO 2 nanocrystallites, resulting in ultrafine TiO 2 nanoparticle confined inside the channels of mesopores carbon. ■ INTRODUCTIONLithium ion batteries (LIBs) have been regarded as one of the most promising candidates for applications in electric and hybrid vehicles with the potential to save oil and reduce CO 2 emissions, although they still suffer from low power density and safety concerns. 1−4 Conventional graphitic carbons used as anodes in commercial LIBs exhibits poor rate performance induced by its low Li diffusion coefficient. 5 Because of the lower operating voltage, solid-electrolyte interface (SEI) film and dendritic lithium are easily formed on the surface of graphite anode, which would cause serious safety issues and poor cycle life. 6−10 The commercial LIBs are inadequate to meet high power applications, advanced materials with better safety and high rate capability are critical for next-generation LIBs.Titanium-based compounds are promising candidates as alternative materials to carbonaceous anodes, because of not only its structural characteristics and special surface activity but also its low cost, safety, and environmental benignity. 11−18 Typically, the Li + insertion/extraction reaction for TiO 2 polymorphs occurs in the potential range of 1.4−1.8 V vs Li/ Li + , according to the following reactionBecause of low packing density, anatase (density, ρ = 3.89 g cm −3 ) and TiO 2 −B (ρ = 3.73 g cm −3 ) phases show higher lithium storage capacity as compared to densely packed brookite (ρ = 4.13 g cm −3 ) and rutile (ρ = 4.25 g cm −3 ) phases, both anatase TiO 2 and TiO 2 −B have been extensively investigated as potential alternative anode material for LIBs. 19,20 Anatase TiO 2 is known to be a electrochemically active with a capacity of about 0.6 lithium ion in Li x TiO 2 at 1.78 V vs Li/Li + . TiO 2 −B is the least dense polymorph of TiO 2 , and has a theoretical capacity of 335 mA h g −1 . TiO 2 −B has an open structure with freely accessible channels for Li-ion transport perpendicular to the (010) Unfortunately, the rate performance of bulk titania and Li 4 Ti 5 O 12 material is greatly limited due to the poor electronic and ionic conductivity, which constitutes a major obstacle for

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Section: ■ Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Three-Dimensional Coherent Titania–Mesoporous Carbon Nanocomposite and Its Lithium-Ion Storage Properties

Shen

Uchaker

Cheng

et al. 2012

ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces

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“…Poor conductivity is detrimental to the performance of a high-rate Li-ion anode where efficient electron transport is paramount. Typically, carbon coatings [107][108][109][110][111][112][113], carbon [114,115] or graphene nanocomposites [116,117], dopants [118][119][120][121] or surface modifiers [122,123], may be introduced to increase electrical conductivity. Surface modification is an effective means to shorten electronic pathways and alternatives to carbon layers are increasingly attractive [122].…”

Section: Li4ti5o12 (Lto)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluating the performance of nanostructured materials as lithium-ion battery electrodes

et al. 2013

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Access to the full text of the published version may require a subscription. Rights © Tsinghua University Press and Springer-Verlag Berlin ABSTRACTThe performance of the lithium-ion cell is heavily dependent on the ability of the host electrodes to accommodate and release Li + ions from the local structure. While the choice of electrode materials may define parameters such as cell potential and capacity, the process of intercalation may be physically limited by the rate of solid-state Li + diffusion. Increased diffusion rates in lithium-ion electrodes may be achieved through a reduction in the diffusion path, accomplished by a scaling of the respective electrode dimensions.In addition, some electrodes may undergo large volume changes associated with charging and discharging, the strain of which, may be better accommodated through nanostructuring. Failure of the host to accommodate such volume changes may lead to pulverisation of the local structure and a rapid loss of capacity. In this review article, we seek to highlight a number of significant gains in the development of nanostructured lithium-ion battery architectures (both anode and cathode), as drivers of potential next-generation electrochemical energy storage devices.

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“…Lithium ion batteries, fuel cells, and redox flow batteries are promising technologies for energy storage since they have high energy densities, are environmentally friendly, and have an array of other desirable properties. [1][2][3][4][5][6] Solid electrolytes are ubiquitous for these energy storage systems since they serve the important function of mechanical separation between electrodes. In addition, solid electrolytes circumvent several problems associated with liquid electrolytes such as the leakage of electrolyte solution and the reaction of volatile organic solvents.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Method of Measuring Salt Transference Numbers in Ion-Selective Membranes

Vardner

Ling

Russell

et al. 2017

J. Electrochem. Soc.

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A technique to measure the cation-transference number of salts in fully hydrated ion-selective membranes has been developed and demonstrated on Nafion 117 for LiCl and Li 2 SO 4 . Dilute solution theory is used to identify experimental conditions that reduce the propagation of uncertainties in membrane properties to transference number estimates. This technique has advantages over commonly used methods, including the elimination of the need for the analysis of electrode potentials in approaches that exploit electroanalytical methods or the need for additional information required to reconcile NMR-based methods with the bulk transport property. It additionally allows for numerous measurements per day and offers the possibility to relate trace measurements of either cations or anions to values of transference number. For LiCl both modes of the technique were employed; the anion-tracer method is more precise and gives t + = 0.936 ± 0.010. The experimental procedure was repeated using the cation-tracer method for Li 2 SO 4 , and t + = 0.95 ± 0.06 was estimated. The 21 st century presents a key challenge in energy storage due to the intermittency of wind and solar energy sources. Lithium ion batteries, fuel cells, and redox flow batteries are promising technologies for energy storage since they have high energy densities, are environmentally friendly, and have an array of other desirable properties. [1][2][3][4][5][6] Solid electrolytes are ubiquitous for these energy storage systems since they serve the important function of mechanical separation between electrodes. In addition, solid electrolytes circumvent several problems associated with liquid electrolytes such as the leakage of electrolyte solution and the reaction of volatile organic solvents.7 Of the solid electrolytes, polymer electrolytes have garnered the most interest in recent years. [8][9][10][11] These membranes facilitate ionic transport between electrodes, inhibit electron flow between electrodes, prevent direct contact between electrodes, and minimize mixing of the anolyte and catholyte.In recent decades, researchers have sought to understand the relationship between the molecular structure of polymer electrolytes and their performance. These structure-property relationships have been developed for two major types of polymer electrolytes: (I) mixtures of salts in high molecular weight polymers and (II) polymerized ionic liquids (single ion conductors). Polyethylene oxide (PEO), polypropylene oxide (PPO), and 4 poly[bis(methoxy-ethoxyethoxy) phosphazene] (MEEP) are all promising Type I polymer electrolytes.12-16 The electron-donating groups incorporated into the polymer architecture are responsible for solvating the lithium ion while the fast segmental dynamics promote high ionic conductivities through fluctuation-driven diffusion. [17][18][19] However, Type I polymer electrolytes typically suffer from poor mechanical properties, which is an unfortunate compromise for the fast segmental dynamics. Furthermore, Type I polymer electrolytes have relative...

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General synthesis of carbon-coated nanostructure Li₄Ti₅O₁₂as a high rate electrode material for Li-ion intercalation

Cited by 255 publications

References 51 publications

Three-Dimensional Coherent Titania–Mesoporous Carbon Nanocomposite and Its Lithium-Ion Storage Properties

Three-Dimensional Coherent Titania–Mesoporous Carbon Nanocomposite and Its Lithium-Ion Storage Properties

Evaluating the performance of nanostructured materials as lithium-ion battery electrodes

Method of Measuring Salt Transference Numbers in Ion-Selective Membranes

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