General Structure of Tillage Draft Force. Consequences in Experimental and Applicative Researches

Abstract

The empirical and theoretical estimation of the draft force of agricultural machinery for soil tillage, has been the target of scientific research for about one hundred years. The results obtained so far may seem contradictory or divergent. The article presents the results of some research on the usual calculation formulas of the draft force of agricultural machines for soil tillage. Although apparently these formulas are different, analyzing the structure of the formula, we find cohesion and coherence embodied in a simple generalization and easy to use both theoretical and experimental. Moreover, the formulas are convertible between them, the two languages used for their definition (the mechanics of deformable solids and that of the phenomenological description), are only different forms of expression for the same phenomenon. Another problem that is addressed in the research whose results are presented in this article is that of highlighting the dependence of the draft force on the tool speed (in the field) of the soil tillage machine. Exposure is complemented by an algorithm that highlights the dependence of the draft force on the tillage tool speed. Also like a consequences of the draft tillage force structure, finally, a third problem addressed in these researches and whose results and perspectives are given in this paper is that of optimizing the working processes of agricultural machinery for soil tillage. The treatment of the problem starts from the hypothesis of the most general formula of the traction resistance force and proposes some ways to solve the optimal problem.

Superior Inferential Statistics of the Experimental Data of a Complex Experimental Cultivator

“…The results presented in this article are the last of the series of those presented by Cardei and collaborators (Cardei et al, 2023a;Cardei et al, 2023b;Cardei et al, 2023c) regarding the numerical data obtained in the field with a complex structure of experimental cultivator MCLS.…”

“…The physical structure whose characteristics were analysed in the research described in this article and in the related precedents (Cardei et al, 2023a(Cardei et al, , 2023b(Cardei et al, , 2023c) is a working variant of a cultivator, equipped with working bodies whose supports allow vibrations of an appreciable amplitude of assemblies formed by bodies and supports. Moreover, the vibrations are transmitted to the supporting structure, leading to errors in the working depth.…”

“…The dependence of some parameters of the dynamics of agricultural aggregates on the forward speed has been studied for many decades, with various solutions appearing in many publications (Letosnev, 1959;Moenifa et al, 2014;Cardei et al, 2019;Cardei et al, 2020;Ranjbar et al, 2013;Naderloo et al, 2009;ASAE, 2003 andMcKyes, 1985;Owen 1989;Larson, 1964;Fechete-Tutunaru et al, 2019;Cardei et al, 2023b;Damanauskas, Janulevicius, 2022;Dizaji, 2022;Karmarkar, Gilke, 2021;Askari et al, 2017;Al-Suhaibani, Ghaly, 2010;Elsheika et al, 2021;Deshpande, Shirwal, 2017;Saleh et al, 2021;Rashidi et al, 2013), for example. In general, the draft force depending on the main parameters that define the soil, the geometry of the working bodies, the mass of the machine, the forward speed, the working depth, and the working width was studied and modelled.…”

“…Interactions are often considered in regression analyses or factorial experiments. Non-linear relationships with interaction have been proposed since the beginning of modelling the phenomenon of soil processing in agriculture (Cardei et al, 2019).…”

Considerations on the importance of the main chemical properties of the soil in agrochemical studies

“…The intensity of alteration of primary and secondary minerals primarily depends on temperature, humidity and pH. [1,2].…”