General strain theory, exposure to violence, and suicide ideation among police officers: A gendered approach

Bishopp, Stephen A.; Boots, Denise Paquette

doi:10.1016/j.jcrimjus.2014.09.007

Cited by 54 publications

(44 citation statements)

References 73 publications

(91 reference statements)

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“…In order to assess mental health among the police, the Zung Self-Rating Depression Scale (SDS) and Symptom Checklist 90-Revised (SCL-90-R) are commonly used [5][6][7][8][9][10][11]. However, previous studies rarely report the validity of the SDS or SCL-90-R among police.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessing Mental Health for China’s Police: Psychometric Features of the Self-Rating Depression Scale and Symptom Checklist 90-Revised

Chen

Lin

Zheng

et al. 2020

IJERPH

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Police mental health is important because police officers usually encounter stressors that cause high levels of stress. In order to better understand mental health for Chinese police, the Zung Self-Rating Depression Scale (SDS) and Symptom Checklist 90-Revised (SCL-90-R) are commonly used in mainland China. Unfortunately, both the SDS and SCL-90-R lack detailed information on their psychometric properties. More specifically, factor structures of the SDS and SCL-90-R have yet to be confirmed among the police population in mainland China. Therefore, the present study compared several factor structures of the SDS and SCL-90-R proposed by prior research and to determine an appropriate structure for the police population. Utilizing cluster sampling, 1151 traffic police officers (1047 males; mean age = 36.6 years [SD = 6.10]) from 49 traffic police units in Jiangxi Province (China) participated in this study. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) with Akaike information criterion (AIC) was used to decide the best fit structure. In the SDS, the three-factor model (first posited by Kitamura et al.) had the smallest AIC and outperformed other models. In the SCL-90-R, the eight-factor model had the smallest AIC and outperformed the one-factor and nine-factor models. CFA fit indices also showed that both the three-factor model in the SDS and the eight-factor model in the SCL-90-R had satisfactory fit. The present study’s results support the use of both SDS and SCL-90-R for police officers in mainland China.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessing Mental Health for China’s Police: Psychometric Features of the Self-Rating Depression Scale and Symptom Checklist 90-Revised

Chen

Lin

Zheng

et al. 2020

IJERPH

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“…heart rate, cortisol) (5-7), psychological (e.g. anxiety, depression, PTSD, burnout) (6,(8)(9)(10)(11)(12), and physical (e.g. chronic back pain, heart disease) (6,(8)(9)(10)(11)(12) outcomes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cumulative, high-stress calls impacting adverse events among law enforcement and the public

Jetelina

Beauchamp²,

Gonzalez³

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Background: The unpredictable, and sometimes dangerous, nature of the occupation exposes officers to both acute and chronic stress over law enforcement officers’ tenure. The purpose of this study is two-fold: 1) Describe multi-level characteristics that define high-stress calls for service for LEO; and 2) Characterize factors that impact cumulative stress over the course of a LEO’s shift.Methods: Qualitative data were collected from 28 LEOs at three law enforcement agencies in the Dallas-Fort Worth areas from April 2019 to February 2020. Focus group data were iteratively coded by four coders using inductive and deductive thematic identification. Results: Five multi-level factors influenced officer stress: 1) officer characteristics (e.g. military experience; gender); 2) civilian behavior (e.g. resistance, displaying a weapon); 3) supervisor factors (micromanagement); 4) environmental factors (e.g. time of year); and, 5) situational factors (e.g. audience present; complexity of calls). Four themes that characterized cumulative stress: 1) cyclical risk; 2) accelerators; 3) decelerators; and 4) experience of an adverse event.Conclusions: LEOs become susceptible to adverse events (e.g. injury, excessive use of force) after repeated exposure to high-stress calls for service. Ongoing exposures to stress continue to occur throughout the shift. Our long-term goal is to interrupt this repetitive, cumulative process by restricting the number of consecutive high-risk, high-intensity calls an officer is permitted to respond to.Trial Registration: NA

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“…Working in the field of law enforcement is significantly more stressful than many other professions (Anshel, 2000;Bishopp & Boots, 2014;Gershon et al, 2002;Gibson et al, 2001;Moon & Jonson, 2012;Swatt et al, 2007;Wang et al, 2010). Interestingly, some researchers (Bishopp & Boots, 2014;Moon & Jonson, 2012;Swatt et al, 2007) argue that stress is a natural and unavoidable aspect of policing as officers frequently encounter significant forms of strain that other occupations rarely experience. Since the police profession is inherently stressful, it is common for officers to report a variety of health problems.…”

Section: Police Stress Depression and Substance Usementioning

confidence: 99%

“…A career in law enforcement is considerably more stressful than many other occupations (Anshel, 2000;Bishopp & Boots, 2014;Gershon, Lin, & Li, 2002;Gibson, Swatt, & Jolicoeur, 2001;Moon & Jonson, 2012;Swatt, Gibson, & Piquero, 2007;Wang et al, 2010). Prolonged stress can cause detrimental damage to police officers if left untreated.…”

Section: Chapter I Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Police stress, depression, and substance use among police officers: a general strain perspective.

Fritz¹

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General strain theory, exposure to violence, and suicide ideation among police officers: A gendered approach

Cited by 54 publications

References 73 publications

Assessing Mental Health for China’s Police: Psychometric Features of the Self-Rating Depression Scale and Symptom Checklist 90-Revised

Assessing Mental Health for China’s Police: Psychometric Features of the Self-Rating Depression Scale and Symptom Checklist 90-Revised

Cumulative, high-stress calls impacting adverse events among law enforcement and the public

Police stress, depression, and substance use among police officers: a general strain perspective.

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