General Relativistic Wormhole Connections from Planck-Scales and the ER = EPR Conjecture

Tamburini, Fabrizio; Licata, Ignazio

doi:10.3390/e22010003

Cited by 24 publications

(45 citation statements)

References 92 publications

(100 reference statements)

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“…So, instead of models like ER=EPR 22 , ER=EPR, it has also been hinted that Planck scale black holes may connect entangled particles. Again the analysis is focused on AdS and it does not explore the implications of allowing paths contributing to the Path Integrals between the particles to traverse the black holes [328,326,327]. [86] refers to non-traversable wormholes.…”

Section: Motivationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantum Gravity Emergence from Entanglement in a Multi-Fold Universe

Maes¹

2020

Preprint

217

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We start from a hypothetical multi-fold universe U_{MF}}, where the propagation of everything is slower or equal to the speed of light and where entanglement extends the set of paths available to Path Integrals. This multi-fold mechanism enables EPR (Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen) “spooky actions at distance” to result from local interactions in the resulting folds. It produces gravity-like attractive effective potentials in the spacetime, between entangled entities, that are caused by the curvature of the folds. When quantized, multi-folds correspond to gravitons and they are enablers of EPR entanglement. Gravity emerges non-perturbative and covariant from EPR entanglement between virtual particles surrounding an entity.In U_{MF}, we encounter mechanisms that predict gravity fluctuations when entanglement is present, including in macroscopic entanglements. Besides providing a new perspective on quantum gravity, when added to the Standard Model and Standard Cosmology, U_{MF} can contribute explanations of several open questions and challenges. It also clarifies some relationships and challenges met by other quantum gravity models and Theories of Everything. It leads to suggestions for these works.We also reconstruct the spacetime of U_{MF}, starting from the random walks of particles in an early spacetime. U_{MF} now appears as a noncommutative, discrete, yet Lorentz symmetric, spacetime that behaves roughly 2-Dimensional at Planck scales, when it is a graph of microscopic Planck size black holes on a random walk fractal structure left by particles that can also appear as also microscopic black holes. Of course, at larger scales, spacetime appears 4-D, where we are able to explain curvature and recover Einstein’s General Relativity. We also discover an entanglement gravity-like contributions and massive gravity at very small scales. This is remarkable considering that no Hilbert Einstein action, or variations expressing area invariance, were introduced. Our model also explains why semi classical approaches can work till way smaller scale than usually expected and present a new view on an Ultimate Unification of all forces, at very small scales.We also explore opportunities for falsifiability and validation of our model, as well as ideas for futuristic applications that may be worth considering, if U_{MF} was a suitable model for our universe U_{real}.

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Section: Motivationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantum Gravity Emergence from Entanglement in a Multi-Fold Universe

Maes¹

2020

Preprint

217

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“…( 67) implies a non-zero lower bound on the minimum value of the uncertainty on the particle's position which is of order of the Planck length [28,37]. In other words, the GUP implies the existence of a minimal length L in quantum gravity also when Einstein's equations hold down to the Planck scales [38]. Following this hypothesis, instead of focusing on the energy-tensor quantity such as the momentum vector, we obtain an equivalent indetermination relationship from an invariant scalar quantity, the proper energy E. To obtain E one integrates and averages Einstein's equations over a 3D space-like hypersurface, σ, with unit normal vector n ∼ g −1/2 .…”

Section: A Review Of Rosen's Approachmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A more exotic interpretation can be given with the ER = EPR scenario, where the two events forming the spacetime texture (or the relationship between the two "particles" of our "gravitational hydrogen atom") represent the connection of events in spacetime through an Einstein-Rosen (ER) wormhole supposed to be equivalent to a connection between events through Einstein-Podolski-Rosen quantum entangled states [38].…”

Section: A Review Of Rosen's Approachmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantum oscillations in the black hole horizon

Corda,

Feleppa,

Tamburini

et al. 2021

Preprint

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By applying Rosen's quantization approach to the historical Oppenheimer and Snyder gravitational collapse and by setting the constraints for the formation of the Schwarzschild black hole (SBH), in a previous paper [1] two of the Authors (CC and FF) found the gravitational potential, the Schrödinger equation, the solution for the energy levels, the area quantum and the quantum representation of the ground state at the Planck scale of the SBH. Such results are consistent with previous ones in the literature. It was also shown that the traditional classical singularity in the core of the SBH is replaced by a quantum oscillator describing a non-singular two-particle system where the two components, named the "nucleus" and the "electron", strongly interact with each other through a quantum gravitational interaction. In agreement with the de Broglie hypothesis, the "electron" is interpreted in terms of the quantum oscillations of the BH horizon. In other words, the SBH should be the gravitational analogous of the hydrogen atom. In this paper, it is shown that these results allow us to compute the SBH entropy as a function of the BH principal quantum number in terms of Bekenstein-Hawking entropy and three sub-leading corrections. In addition, the coefficient of the formula of Bekenstein-Hawking entropy is reduced to a quarter of the traditional value. Then, it is shown that, by performing a correct rescaling of the energy levels, the semi-classical Bohr-like approach to BH quantum physics, previously developed by one of the Authors (CC), is consistent with the obtained results for large values of the BH principal quantum number. After this, Hawking radiation will be analysed by discussing its connection with the BH quantum structure. Finally, it is shown that the time evolution of the above mentioned system solves the BH information paradox.

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“…Following this ansatz, the formulation of a new Generalized Uncertainty Principle (GUP) should be mandatory to study physics at very high energies or, equivalently, at short distance scales; quantum gravitational corrections are expected to prevent black hole (BH) evaporation near the Planck scale [4], as also suggested in Ref. [5]. The formulation of a GUP has implications in various fields [6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25]; black hole physics, String Theory [26,27], Loop Quantum Gravity [28], Deformed Special Relativity [29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39][40], where not only General Relativity (GR) but also Quantum Mechanics (QM) breaks down, suggest that the HUP can be obtained by introducing quantum-gravitational corrections to the classical definition of the commutator of two conjugate variables, such as the coordinate x and the momentum p with their corresponding operators x and p, [x, p] = i .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Constraining the Generalized Uncertainty Principle with the light twisted by rotating black holes and M87*

Tamburini,

Feleppa,

Thidé

2021

Preprint

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We test the validity of the Generalized Heisenberg's Uncertainty principle in the presence of strong gravitational fields nearby rotating black holes; Heisenberg's principle is supposed to require additional correction terms when gravity is taken into account, leading to a more general formulation also known as the Generalized Uncertainty Principle. Using as probe electromagnetic waves acquiring orbital angular momentum when lensed by a rotating black hole, we find from numerical simulations a relationship between the spectrum of the orbital angular momentum of light and the corrections needed to formulate the Generalized Uncertainty Principle, here characterized by the rescaled parameter β0, a function of the Planck's mass and the bare mass of the black hole. Then, from the analysis of the observed twisted light due to the gravitational field of the compact object observed in M87*, we find new limits for the parameter β0. With this method, complementary to black hole shadow circularity analyses, we obtain more precise limits from the experimental data of M87*, confirming the validity of scenarios compatible with General Relativity, within the uncertainties due to the experimental errors present in EHT data and those due to the numerical simulations and analysis.

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General Relativistic Wormhole Connections from Planck-Scales and the ER = EPR Conjecture

Cited by 24 publications

References 92 publications

Quantum Gravity Emergence from Entanglement in a Multi-Fold Universe

Quantum Gravity Emergence from Entanglement in a Multi-Fold Universe

Quantum oscillations in the black hole horizon

Constraining the Generalized Uncertainty Principle with the light twisted by rotating black holes and M87*

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