General refraction problems with phase discontinuities on nonflat metasurfaces

Gutiérrez, Cristian E.; Pallucchini, Luca; Stachura, Eric

doi:10.1364/josaa.34.001160

Cited by 18 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…Notice that, by considering a reflecting surface, the refracted wave is negligible. Assuming there is a phase variation Φ(x, y, z) defined in the neighborhood of y = f (x, z) (as it should admit the gradient in (x, f (x, z), z)), the relation between k and k is determined by the generalized Snell's law [43], [44], that in vector form is given by…”

Section: A Generalized Reflection's Lawmentioning

confidence: 99%

Conformal Metasurfaces: a Novel Solution for Vehicular Communications

Mizmizi¹,

Ayoubi²,

Tagliaferri³

et al. 2022

Preprint

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In future 6G millimeter wave (mmWave)/sub-THz vehicle-to-everything (V2X) communication systems, vehicles are expected to be equipped with massive antenna arrays to realize beam-based links capable of compensating for the severe path loss. However, vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) direct links are prone to be blocked by surrounding vehicles. Emerging metasurface technologies enable the control of the electromagnetic wave reflection towards the desired direction, enriching the channel scattering to boost communication performance. Reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (RIS), and mostly the pre-configured counterpart intelligent reflecting surfaces (IRS), are a promising low-cost relaying system for 6G. This paper proposes using conformal metasurfaces (either C-RIS or C-IRS) deployed on vehicles' body to mitigate the blockage impact in a highway multi-lane scenario. In particular, conformal metasurfaces create artificial reflections to mitigate blockage by compensating for the non-flat shape of vehicle's body, such as the lateral doors, with proper phase patterns. We analytically derive the phase pattern to apply to a cylindrical C-RIS/C-IRS approximating the shape of car body, as a function of both incidence and reflection angles, considering cylindrical RIS/IRS as a generalization of conventional planar ones. We propose a novel design for optimally pre-configured C-IRS to mimic the behavior of an EM flat surface on car doors, proving the benefits of C-RIS and C-IRS in a multi-lane V2V highway scenario. The results show a consistent reduction of blockage probability when exploiting C-RIS/C-IRS, 20% for pre-configured C-IRS and 70% for C-RIS and, as well as a remarkable improvement in terms of average signal-to-noise ratio, respectively 10 − 20 dB for C-IRS and 30 − 40 dB for C-RIS. I. INTRODUCTION Road mobility is experiencing an unprecedented technological transformation towards safer and efficient vehicular networks. Vehicle-to-everything (V2X) communication and autonomous guidance technologies are the main engines driving innovation and the development of novel

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Section: A Generalized Reflection's Lawmentioning

confidence: 99%

Conformal Metasurfaces: a Novel Solution for Vehicular Communications

Mizmizi¹,

Ayoubi²,

Tagliaferri³

et al. 2022

Preprint

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“…for some λ ∈ R; the function φ is called the phase discontinuity; for a derivation of this law using wave fronts see [GPS17].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Metasurfaces and Optimal transport

Gutiérrez¹,

Huang²,

Mérigot³

et al. 2021

Preprint

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This paper provides a theoretical and numerical approach to show existence, uniqueness, and the numerical determination of metalenses refracting radiation with energy patterns. The theoretical part uses ideas from optimal transport and for the numerical solution we study and implement a damped Newton algorithm to solve the semi discrete problem. A detailed analysis is carried out to solve the near field one source refraction problem and extensions to the far field are also mentioned.

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“…In our previous paper [20] we gave a mathematically rigorous foundation to deal with general metasurfaces and to determine the relationships between the curvature of the surface and the phase discontinuity. The present paper builds on that work and shows that phase discontinuities theoretically exist so that there are metalenses that can refract or reflect energy with prescribed energy patterns.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Background. We begin describing the formulation of the generalized laws of reflection and refraction with phase discontinuities from [20]. For refraction consider two homogenous and isotropic media I and II with refractive indices n 1 and n 2 respectively.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%