General propensity for inter-organizational environmental disclosure imitation: an international perspective

Evaluating the Sourcing Challenges Faced by Humanitarian Charities

“…Even if charities operate in the same institutional field, they may have different external constituents (for example, donors, beneficiaries, consumers, and regulators) who exert institutional pressure. This institutional pressure frequently results in the decoupling of adopted policies or actual practices by businesses [17,19]. This is because charities, on the one hand, want to gain legitimacy to meet the demands of institutional stakeholders, such as converting donor donations into funds to support target beneficiaries.…”

“…In parallel to this, the increasing complexity of humanitarian aid activity creates a vital need for an efficient humanitarian supply chain (HSC) [2]. As humanitarian supply chains are increasingly disrupted by extreme weather, price volatility (e.g., grain, gas, oil), pandemics (such as COVID- 19), and terrorism, humanitarian supply chain practices may no longer assume a stable operating environment [3,4]. For example, the COVID-19 outbreak has caused ripple effects throughout the humanitarian supply chains (HSCs) [5].…”