General principles governing the behaviour of granular formulations

Furmidge, C. G. L.

doi:10.1002/ps.2780030612

Cited by 7 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 8 publications

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“…The new formulations were developed as dustable powder (DP) formulations using the dry mix method, which includes mixing the active ingredient with the appropriate diluent accessible (Furmidge, 1972). The active ingredients in the newly produced formulations were 10% and 9.5% (wt/wt).…”

Section: Preparation Of Chromen Compounds As Dustable Powder Formulat...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis, formulation, evaluation of insecticidal activity of chromen derivatives against cotton leafworm Spodoptera littoralis (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) and their mode of action under laboratory conditions

Hamouda¹,

Abd-Allah

El-Sharkawy

2022

JANS

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The toxicity of benzothiazole derivatives obtained from 2-cyanomethyl benzothiazole against cotton leafworm Spodoptera littoralis 2nd and 4th instar larvae has been documented. The main objective of this research was to formulate two previously reported chromen derivatives and test their biological activity against cotton leafworm S. littoralis 2nd and 4th instar larvae under laboratory conditions. According to the standard method, two chromen derivatives with two distinct substituents (salicylaldehyde and 2-hydroxy-1-naphthaldehyde) were synthesized. Their physical and chemical properties were evaluated, and both were formulated as 10 and 9.5 percent dustable powder formulations. Both formulae were then evaluated in the laboratory on cotton leafworm S. littoralis 2nd and 4th instar larvae for mortality and developmental effect percentage. Formulation (F2) was more efficient than formulation (F3) in both cases and for both stages. Furthermore, when comparing the developmental effects on the 2nd and 4th instar larvae, the 4th instar larvae demonstrated marked tolerance. Both stages were unable to complete their life cycle. Histopathological analysis of samples from the affected stages was performed to assess the mode of action of these formulations on 4th instar larvae at their LC50 values. Experimental data showed that Formulation (F3) resulted in epidermal cells separated from the cuticular layer, necrosis, ruptured columnar cells with pyknotic nuclei, disrupted basement membrane, and weak epicuticle necrosis and separation. In comparison, formulation (F2) revealed a midgut with vacuoles, damaged columnar, muscle cell necrosis, and a ruined peritrophic matrix. Thus, the cotton leafworm S. littoralis could be combated with the newly prepared formulations (F2) and (F3).

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Section: Preparation Of Chromen Compounds As Dustable Powder Formulat...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis, formulation, evaluation of insecticidal activity of chromen derivatives against cotton leafworm Spodoptera littoralis (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) and their mode of action under laboratory conditions

Hamouda¹,

Abd-Allah

El-Sharkawy

2022

JANS

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An assessment of the consequences of the controlled release of pesticides from granular formulations

Osgerby¹

1972

Pestic. Sci.

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The value of an analytical approach to the assessment of the advantages resulting from the use of controlled release granular formulations of pesticides is discussed. The methods are illustrated by considering the concentration-time profiles resulting from the application of such formulations to water and to soils. The importance of the particular environment in which these formulations are used and of the dynamic nature of the pest population is emphasised. It is concluded that relatively simple controlled release granular formulations could give improvements in the performance of pesticides compared with conventional formulations but that the practicality of producing such formulations with a sufficiently large range of release rate constants is uncertain. Equally their use under field conditions might be subject to practical difficulties.

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Factors affecting the performance of granular insecticides applied to field beans

1972

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Factors influencing the performance of various granular formulations of disulfoton and phorate after foliar application to field beans were investigated by bioassay in controlled environment rooms. Frequent rainfall and high temperature increased activity considerably but humidity had little effect. With disulfoton formulation on pumice rather than fuller's earth, and toxicant concentrations of 7.5% rather than loo/, increased toxicity, but effects of formulation were small with phorate. The influence of rainfall and formulation were confirmed in a field experiment. There was evidence for an initial fumigant effect, particularly for phorate, in both laboratory and field experiments. The detailed effects of the various factors at different intervals after applying the granules are discussed in relation to the physical properties of the insecticides and granular carriers. It is suggested that the possibilities of controlling performance by influencing release rates from granules are limited for chemicals such as phorate and disulfoton which are appreciably adsorbed by soil.

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General principles governing the behaviour of granular formulations

Cited by 7 publications

References 8 publications

Synthesis, formulation, evaluation of insecticidal activity of chromen derivatives against cotton leafworm Spodoptera littoralis (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) and their mode of action under laboratory conditions

Synthesis, formulation, evaluation of insecticidal activity of chromen derivatives against cotton leafworm Spodoptera littoralis (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) and their mode of action under laboratory conditions

An assessment of the consequences of the controlled release of pesticides from granular formulations

Factors affecting the performance of granular insecticides applied to field beans

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