General Population Strategies of Suicide Prevention

Jenkins, Rachel; Singh, Bruce

doi:10.1002/9780470698976.ch34

Cited by 45 publications

(38 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…Jenkins 27 and Singh 28 proposed a pathway to suicide starting from stressful life events and lack of social supports, to depressive thoughts and suicidal ideation, to seeking the means of suicide and then to suicide itself. Recent studies have indicated that mental illness and social factors independently contribute to the risk of suicidal behaviour 29 and suicide.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Patterns of suicide by occupation in England and Wales: 2001–2005

Meltzer

Griffiths²,

Brock³

et al. 2008

Br J Psychiatry

Self Cite

125

109

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Although the relationship between suicide and unemployment has been extensively studied [1][2][3][4] demonstrating an increased rate of suicide among the unemployed, the relationship between suicide and occupation has been much less frequently studied, probably because of the relatively smaller number of people in each occupational group compared with the population in other socio-demographic groups defined, for example, by age or geography. Mortality data collated by the Office for National Statistics (ONS) in England and Wales have, however, been an invaluable source for examining the relationship between suicide and occupation. [5][6][7][8] In the late 1990s these findings were updated to cover trends in suicide in England and Wales, and suicide data for 1982-1987 and 1991-1996 were used to calculate proportional mortality ratios (PMRs) for both men and women according to their occupation. 9 In addition to the national statistics describing the relationship between occupation and suicide, a number of studies have looked in more detail at some of the specific occupations with high suicide PMRs. These included health-related occupations such as doctors, 10-12 nurses, 13 farmers (including horticulturalists and farm managers), 14 armed forces, 15 students 16,17 and artists. 18,19 We aim to identify the occupations in 2001-2005 with significantly high suicide rates in England and Wales, and to compare these with patterns in suicide rates by occupation over earlier decades. The data from 2001-2005 can be regarded as a further update with the possibility of examining the stability of patterns. MethodUsing data collected by the ONS from death registrations in England and Wales over the calendar years 2001-2005, PMRs were calculated for suicides by occupation. Standardised mortality ratios (SMRs) were also calculated.The ONS usually classifies deaths from suicide as those with an underlying cause of suicide or death from injury or poisoning of undetermined intent. These latter deaths are traditionally assumed to be probable suicides for the purposes of calculating the number of suicides in England and Wales. 20 The ICD-10 was used to code cause of death based on coroners' verdicts. 21 Grouping both deaths from suicide and undetermined intent together to give an estimate of suicides removes biases that may be introduced if there are differences between occupations in the propensity of coroners to record a suicide verdict.The deceased's occupation is collected from the informant at death registration and is based on the last gainful occupation of the deceased if they were retired or unemployed. This is then coded by the ONS using the Standard Occupational Classification 2000 (SOC2000). 22 This contains 352 occupation codes at its lowest (four-digit) level. Data from the 2001 Census were also coded using the SOC2000, and are based on the occupation of respondents in the week before census, or their last occupation in the past 5 years not working. We restricted our analysis to the age range 20-64 years to improve the li...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Patterns of suicide by occupation in England and Wales: 2001–2005

Meltzer

Griffiths²,

Brock³

et al. 2008

Br J Psychiatry

Self Cite

125

109

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Several countries have developed preventive strategies for suicide, and in some of these countries young people are considered an important target group 8. Preventive strategies cannot, however, be based on empirical evidence as this does not exist 9.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Familial, psychiatric, and socioeconomic risk factors for suicide in young people: nested case-control study

Agerbo

2002

BMJ

372

281

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Objective To estimate the risk of suicide in young people related to family and individual psychiatric and socioeconomic factors. Design Population based nested case-control study. Setting Data from longitudinal Danish registers. Cases and controls 496 young people aged 10-21 years who had committed suicide during 1981-97 in Denmark and 24 800 controls matched for sex, age, and time. Main outcome measures All suicides in Denmark compared with controls; parents and siblings identified from population based registers; inpatient information from discharge registers of national hospitals; and socioeconomic data from administrative registers.

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“…Restricting the availability of common methods for suicide has been used in several countries as a part of a suicide prevention strategy (2,3). Many studies have been made of the role of availability of different suicidal means and in most of these, availability of specific suicidal methods has been found to be positively correlated with suicide rates involving that specific method (4 Á/17).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Time-trends in method-specific suicide rates compared with the availability of specific compounds. The Danish experience

Nordentoft

Qin

Helweg‐Larsen

et al. 2006

Nordic Journal of Psychiatry

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Restriction of means for suicide is an important part of suicide preventive strategies in different countries. All suicides in Denmark between 1970 and 2000 were examined with regard to method used for suicide. Overall suicide mortality and method-specific suicide mortality was compared with official information about availability of medical compounds (barbiturates, benzodiazepines, analgesics, antidepressants) and carbon monoxide in vehicle exhaust and household gas. Restrictions on the availability of carbon monoxide, barbiturates and dextropropoxyphen was associated with a decline in the number of suicides by self-poisoning with these compounds. Restricted access occurred concomittantly with a 55% decrease in suicide rate.

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General Population Strategies of Suicide Prevention

Cited by 45 publications

References 14 publications

Patterns of suicide by occupation in England and Wales: 2001–2005

Patterns of suicide by occupation in England and Wales: 2001–2005

Familial, psychiatric, and socioeconomic risk factors for suicide in young people: nested case-control study

Time-trends in method-specific suicide rates compared with the availability of specific compounds. The Danish experience

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