“…It is important, however, to change the programme strategy and management planning to take into account all the above factors which 5 influence the equilibrium of coastal areas, and to plan to scale physiographic units (for example, a groyne may intercept a part of the sediments transported by waves and ensure a relative stability in the protected area but, at the same time, it may impoverish other areas behind the structure by shifting the problem of erosion). For this reason the phenomenon should be studied from a holistic point of view to include all the aspects involved (Barbaro et al, 2014a;Barbaro, 2016), in particular wave and weather climate analysis (Barbaro, 2007;Barbaro, 2011;Boccotti et al, 2011;Arena et al 2013, a, b, c;Barbaro 10 and Foti, 2013; Barbaro et al, 2013 a, b;Boccotti, 2015), and the contribution of longshore and river sediment transport (Tomasicchio et al, 2007;Tomasicchio et al, 2013;Barbaro et al, 2014b;Mandaglio et al, 2015Mandaglio et al, , 2016Tomasicchio et al. 2015).…”