General irrigation efficiency for field water management

Wang, Zhi; Zerihun, D.; Feyen, Jan

doi:10.1016/0378-3774(95)01221-4

Cited by 31 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…Classical irrigation ef® ciencies are usually de® ned as ratios of water volume bene® cially used by plants to volumes of water delivered through an irrigation system, with adjustments for effective rainfall and changes in the volume of w ater stored in the root zone (Burt et al, 1997). Field application ef® ciency pertains to water deliveries on individual ® elds, while distribution ef® ciency describes water movement from a conveyance system to ® eld turnouts, and conveyance ef® ciency pertains to canals and facilities located between a reservoir and a distributary system (Bos, 1979;Hansen et al, 1980;Bos & Nugteren, 1982;W ang et al, 1996). Project ef® ciency is determined by combining estimates of conveyance, distribution and ® eld application ef® ciencies.…”

Section: Irrigation Ef® Ciencymentioning

confidence: 98%

Economic Efficiency and Irrigation Water Policy with an Example from Egypt

Wichelns¹

1999

International Journal of Water Resources Development

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Irrigation water policies can be enhanced by considering the economic dimensions of farm-level decisions and public goals regarding limited land and water resources. The de® nitions of three ef® ciency term s used to describe the performance of irrigation system sÐ irrigation,water use and economic ef® ciencyÐ are reviewed, with a focus on the unique role of econom ic ef® ciency in policy analysis. Policies that m odify econom ic p arameters can m otivate farmers to choose crops and irrigation methods that are consistent with p ublic goals. Such policies include water prices or allotments, subsidies for im proving irrigation methods, and the removal of output p rice distortions that favour crops with large water requirements in water-short regions. An ex am ple of econom ic issues regarding water policy in the N ile Valley and Delta is included.

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Section: Irrigation Ef® Ciencymentioning

confidence: 98%

Economic Efficiency and Irrigation Water Policy with an Example from Egypt

Wichelns¹

1999

International Journal of Water Resources Development

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“…Among the efficiencies that are most frequently utilized in comparing the performance of different water application systems are the application efficiency and the storage efficiency (Wang et al, 1996). In the present study, these efficiencies were used to compare water use under normal application with that under variable rate application.…”

Section: System Efficiency Assessmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

The feasibility of using variable rate water application under a central pivot irrigation system

Al-Kufaishi¹,

Blackmore²,

Sourell³

2006

Irrig Drainage Syst

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The purpose of this paper was to assess the feasibility and significance of applying spatially variable irrigation under a central pivot system at the Federal German Agricultural Research Center, Braunschweig, Germany. The assessment was based on soil moisture holding capacity, soil depth variation and root development. Soil texture analysis was carried out by sampling on a 60 meter grid. The German Agro-Meteorological Model was applied to simulate the water balance in the crop-soil-atmosphere system for the growing season 2003/4. The research findings are presented in terms of six scenarios: 20, 30, 40 mm water application depths per irrigation under both variable rate application and uniform application. The comparison revealed that the loss of water was higher for the uniform application scenarios than that for the variable rate application (VRA) scenarios for the applications of 20 and 30 mm. The VRA scenario of 20 mm water application was found out to be the best option for water conservation.

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“…Inappropriate irrigation system design and management and the use of traditional irrigation methods have been reported to cause large water losses in agricultural fields (Wang et al, 1996;Howell, 2001). Irrigation system upgrade and replacement can mitigate water shortages or lead to increased irrigated area to cope with rapid population growth (Rijsberman, 2006).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Distribución y pérdidas de agua y nitrato bajo fertirriego por surcos alterno y convencional

Ebrahimian¹,

Liaghat²,

Parsinejad³

et al. 2012

Span. j. agric. res.

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Alternate furrow irrigation and surface fertigation have been known as techniques to control water and fertilizer losses. The main goal of this field study was to characterize the combined effect of these techniques on water and nitrate losses and on soil water and nitrate concentration. Two types of alternate furrow irrigation, i.e., variable alternate furrow irrigation (AFI) and fixed alternate furrow irrigation (FFI), as well as conventional furrow irrigation (CFI) were considered in the experiments. Results evidenced higher infiltration at irrigated furrows under AFI and FFI as compared to CFI. Increased lateral water movement under alternate irrigation resulted in lower water and nitrate losses via runoff and deep percolation. Water application efficiency for the CFI, FFI and AFI strategies amounted to 61.3%, 71.8% and 77.0% in the first fertigation and 36.4%, 58.8% and 60.7% in the second fertigation, respectively. Nitrate runoff for the CFI, FFI and AFI strategies amounted to 32.4%, 31.2% and 25.7% in the first fertigation and 44.3%, 35.1% and 32.7% in the second fertigation, respectively. Soil water content and nitrate concentration at the upstream part of the experimental field were larger than at the middle and downstream parts for all three irrigation regimes. Overall, alternate furrow fertigation, particularly AFI, stands as a simple and practical management practice for water and fertilizer conservation in agricultural fields.Additional key words: alternate furrow irrigation; fertigation; water and nitrate losses. Resumen Distribución y pérdidas de agua y nitrato bajo fertirriego por surcos alterno y convencionalEl riego por surcos alternos y el fertirriego por superficie se han venido utilizando por separado como técnicas con capacidad demostrada para controlar las pérdidas de agua y fertilizantes. El principal objetivo del ensayo descrito en este trabajo fue caracterizar el efecto del uso conjunto de estas técnicas en las pérdidas de agua y nitratos, en el agua en el suelo y en la concentración de nitrato en el suelo. En el ensayo se consideraron dos tipos de fertirriego por surcos alternos, variable (AFI) y fijo (FFI), así como el riego por surcos convencional (CFI). Los resultados evidenciaron una mayor infiltración en los surcos AFI y FFI que en los surcos CFI. El aumento del movimiento lateral del agua en el riego alterno resultó en menores pérdidas de agua y nitrato por escorrentía y percolación profunda. La eficiencia de aplicación del agua para las estrategias CFI, FFI y AFI fue de 61,3%, 71,8% y 77,0% en el primer fertirriego, y de 36,4%, 58,8% y 60,7% en el segundo fertirriego, respectivamente. Las escorrentías de nitrato en las estrategias CFI, FFI y AFI fueron de 32,4%, 31,2% y 25,7% en el primer fertirriego y de 44,3%, 35,1% y 32,7% en el segundo fertirriego, respectivamente. El contenido de agua en el suelo y la concentración de nitrato en el extremo aguas arriba del campo experimental resultó mayor que en la parte media o en el extremo aguas abajo en las tres estrategias ensa...

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General irrigation efficiency for field water management

Cited by 31 publications

References 4 publications

Economic Efficiency and Irrigation Water Policy with an Example from Egypt

Economic Efficiency and Irrigation Water Policy with an Example from Egypt

The feasibility of using variable rate water application under a central pivot irrigation system

Distribución y pérdidas de agua y nitrato bajo fertirriego por surcos alterno y convencional

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