General human health issues for Moon and Mars missions: Results from the HUMEX study

Horneck, G.; Comet, B.

doi:10.1016/j.asr.2005.06.077

Cited by 33 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…In such an undertaking, astronauts will travel for more than 1 year before reaching Mars. Therefore, it would be of paramount importance to protect participating astronauts against environmental factors in outer space that pose potential threats to their health [Hornecka and Cometb, ; Grigoriev and Potapov, ]. As environmental magnetic field of outer space is a hypomagnetic field (HMF <5 μT) [Mo et al, ], potentially adverse effects of HMF exposure on adult mammals needs to be considered seriously [Zhadin, ; Mo et al, ; Mo et al, ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Decline of cell viability and mitochondrial activity in mouse skeletal muscle cell in a hypomagnetic field

Liu

et al. 2016

Bioelectromagnetics

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Hypomagnetic field (HMF), one of the key environmental risk factors for astronauts traveling in outer space, has previously been shown to repress locomotion of mammalians. However, underlying mechanisms of how HMF affects the motor system remains poorly understood. In this study, we created an HMF (<3 μT) by eliminating geomagnetic field (GMF, ∼50 μT) and exposed primary mouse skeletal muscle cells to this low magnetic field condition for a period of three days. HMF-exposed cells showed a decline in cell viability relative to GMF control, even though cells appeared normal in terms of morphology and survival rate. After a 3-day HMF-exposure, glucose consumption of skeletal muscle cells was significantly lower than GMF control, accompanied by less adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and adenosine diphosphate (ADP) content and higher ADP/ATP ratio. In agreement with these findings, mitochondrial membrane potential of HMF-exposed cells was also lower, whereas levels of cellular Reactive Oxygen Species were higher. Moreover, viability and membrane potential of isolated mitochondria were reduced after 1 h HMF-exposure in vitro. Our results indicate that mitochondria can directly respond to HMF at functional level, and suggest that HMF-induced decline in cell functionality results from a reduction in energy production and mitochondrial activity.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Decline of cell viability and mitochondrial activity in mouse skeletal muscle cell in a hypomagnetic field

Liu

et al. 2016

Bioelectromagnetics

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“…Radiation can cause damage to DNA and result in mutation and the development of harmful conditions, such as cancer, in multicellular organisms (Saffary et al, 2002;Horneck and Comet, 2006). Reduced gravity can result in bone demineralization and muscle atrophy (McCarthy, 2005;Zayzafoon et al, 2005).…”

Section: The Lunar Environment and Life: General Aspectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lunar Astrobiology: A Review and Suggested Laboratory Equipment

et al. 2007

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In October of 2005, the European Space Agency (ESA) and Alcatel Alenia Spazio released a "call to academia for innovative concepts and technologies for lunar exploration." In recent years, interest in lunar exploration has increased in numerous space programs around the globe, and the purpose of our study, in response to the ESA call, was to draw on the expertise of researchers and university students to examine science questions and technologies that could support human astrobiology activity on the Moon. In this mini review, we discuss astrobiology science questions of importance for a human presence on the surface of the Moon and we provide a summary of key instrumentation requirements to support a lunar astrobiology laboratory.

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“…Thus, it is not capable of building an adequate shield against solar and cosmic radiation. As a result, it is considered as a health-risk for crew such as possibility of causing cancer, other illnesses, and even death in worst cases (Cucinotta et al, 2005;Horneck and Comet, 2006). Currently, it has been discovered that plasma technology can be applied in space-vehicles to solve radiation issues for astronauts by eliminating the radiation effects in space-missions (Diaz and Seedhouse, 2017).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Application of plasma technology in aerospace vehicles: A review

Anvari¹

2019

J. Eng. Technol. Res.

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The galactic and solar radiation effects on astronauts in space during manned-space missions is one of the issues that scientists are dealing with to come up with a reasonable solution to overcome this disaster. Furthermore, in space missions to Mars, Titan, and beyond them, a powerful propulsion system is required. Recently, with the enhancement of technology in plasma generation, scientists are trying to design and build a plasma radiation shield and plasma propulsion system to create a safe and reliable space-craft for long-term space missions. To produce a plasma radiation shield and/or plasma propulsion system, a strong magnet to generate a magnetic field for electron cloud is required. For charging magnets, appropriate power supplies or fuel cells are needed. Additionally, to create a solid shield against the radiation on crafts skin, some coatings with plasma glow discharge can be deposited. This review focused on the mechanism for plasma radiation shield, different plasma propulsion systems, and different plasma deposited films for space-craft shielding against the radiation. Observations from this review have indicated that the application of plasma technology as a radiation shield, propulsion system, and a tool to produce space-crafts coating seems very promising and helpful for future space missions. However, it is required that practical experiments and financial assessments are considered.

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General human health issues for Moon and Mars missions: Results from the HUMEX study

Cited by 33 publications

References 3 publications

Decline of cell viability and mitochondrial activity in mouse skeletal muscle cell in a hypomagnetic field

Decline of cell viability and mitochondrial activity in mouse skeletal muscle cell in a hypomagnetic field

Lunar Astrobiology: A Review and Suggested Laboratory Equipment

Application of plasma technology in aerospace vehicles: A review

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