General formalism for the stability of thin-shell wormholes in $$2+1$$ 2 + 1 dimensions

Abstract

In this article we theoretically construct circular thin-shell wormholes in a 2 + 1-dimensional spacetime. The construction is symmetric with respect to the throat. We present a general formalism for the study of the mechanical stability under perturbations preserving the circular symmetry of the configurations, adopting a linearized equation of state for the exotic matter at the throat. We apply the formalism to several examples.

Rotating thin-shell wormhole

“…Moreover, there are only a few works on the rotating thin-shell wormholes (RTSWs) built in 2+1 dimensions and in 3+1 dimensions with some approximations [4,5]. On the other hand, there are many papers demonstrating the construction of thin-shell wormholes using different modified theories or extra/lower dimensions [6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25]. Recently, a rotating thin-shell wormhole was constructed and its thermodynamics worked in 2+1 dimensions, where the problem is more malleable than in four or more dimensions [4].…”

Stability of thin-shell wormholes from noncommutative BTZ black hole

“…Inspired by this work we provide thin-shell wormholes from noncommutative BTZ black hole in (2+1)-dimensional gravity. A well studied of thin-shell wormholes in lower dimensional gravity have been found in [67][68][69][70][71].…”

$$3+1$$ 3 + 1 -dimensional thin shell wormhole with deformed throat can be supported by normal matter

“…Besides instability of TSWs [5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20] and the wormholes supported by ghost scalar field [21,22] one major problem in this venture is the violation of the null energy condition (NEC). Precisely, TSWs allow presence of exotic matter at the throat with σ < 0 in which σ is the energy density on the hypersurface of the throat.…”