General Concepts of Solvation

Amis, Edward S.; Hinton, James F.

doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-057301-1.50007-6

Cited by 1 publication

(1 citation statement)

References 88 publications

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“…While a small difference between the alkali metal salts and (CH3)4NC1 was established, the difference was not considered to be of a magnitude appropriate to attribute to anything other than changes in solution ionic strength. These results were as expectedwhile differences in the identity of the ion can be important for catalyzing certain reactions, these effects typically are muted in H20 due to the levelling effect that results from the solvation of each ion in a H20 shell whose structure is defined by the ion's electronic characteristics (22). The rate increases effected by the various ions may underestimate the actual catalytic efficiency of solution ionic strength, as all reactions were performed in the presence of 50 µ buffer salts to maintain pH.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 77%

Effect of solution ionic strength on lipid peroxidation initiation by the perhydroxyl (xanthine oxidase-derived) and peroxyl radicals

Aikens¹,

Dix²

1992

Chem. Res. Toxicol.

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The role of solution ionic strength in perhydroxyl (HOO.) and peroxyl (ROO.) radical initiated lipid peroxidation has been defined and investigated. Xanthine oxidase activity was used as the source of superoxide (O2-) and its conjugate acid (HOO.) in these experiments. While the enzyme's activity varied with changes in ionic strength, the effect could be factored out of the lipid peroxidation studies. Both HOO.- and ROO.-initiated peroxidations of linoleic acid were promoted by increases in solution ionic strength: the inclusion of 0.1 M of various alkali metal salts in the reaction resulted in up to a 4-fold increase in the overall peroxidation rate. Significant differences between alkali metal cations (Li+, Na+, K+, Cs+) and halogen anions (F-, Cl-, Br-) were not observed. Thus, the increased rates of lipid peroxidation were attributable to changes in solution ionic strength rather than specific ion-reaction interactions. Ionic stimulation of lipid peroxidation occurred only in the presence of preexisting fatty acid hydroperoxides (LOOHs), which provided additional support for the hydrogen atom transfer mechanism previously proposed [Aikens, J., and Dix, T. A. (1991) J. Biol. Chem. 266, 15091] for the HOO./LOOH initiation process. Physiologically appropriate salt concentrations were used in these studies, hence the results may have biological significance.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 77%