General Autonomic Components of Motion Sickness

Cowings, Patricia S.; Suter, Steve; Toscano, William B.; Kamiya, Joe; Naifeh, Karen H.

doi:10.1111/j.1469-8986.1986.tb00671.x

Cited by 96 publications

(74 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…Previous research by the NASA investigators of 127 subjects showed significant differences in autonomic response levels related to motion sickness susceptibility. Highly susceptible subjects showed larger response magnitudes and variability to motion sickness stimuli than moderate or low motion sickness susceptibles (Cowings et al, 1986). Further, autonomic response patterns to motion stimuli were highly idiosyncratic, but the same subjects tended to produce stable response profiles to repeated motion sickness tests .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 88%

“…The diagnostic scale employed in this study was developed by a U.S. Navy research group (Graybiel et al, 1968) and has been used extensively by researchers in this field (Cowings et al, 1986;Cowings et al, 1990;Cowings & Toscano, 1982;Lentz & Guedry, 1978). It consists of easy-to-understand questions regarding specific symptoms experienced, which are later subjected to a standardized scoring method that allows comparisons across many studies and environmental conditions.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A computer program allowed the subject to rate his or her own symptoms using a standardized diagnostic scoring procedure referred to as the "Coriolis Sickness Susceptibility Index" or CSSI (Graybiel, Wood, Miller, & Cramer, 1968;Cowings, Suter, Toscano, Kamiya, & Naifeh, 1986). Table 1 shows the questions presented to each subject.…”

Section: Symptom Diagnostic Scale (60 Seconds)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The Vehicle x Condition interaction was only significant for heart rate; however, the post hoc comparisons between vehicles for each condition were not significant. It is well known that physiological responses to stressful stimuli are highly idiosyncratic (i.e., some subjects show larger magnitude responses in one variable than in another) (Cowings et al, 1986;Engel, 1972;Duffy, 1972;Wenger & Cullen, 1972;Cowings, Naifeh, & Toscano, 1990;Stout, Toscano, & Cowings, 1993). Continuous physiological monitoring during the 4-hour field tests provided more information about environmental impact on a crew than was possible from measurements taken at discrete intervals.…”

Section: Inspection Ofmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The effects of the command and Control Vehicle (C2V) operational environment on soldier health and performance

Cowings¹,

Toscano²,

Deroshia³

et al. 1999

PsycEXTRA Dataset

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Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited. AbstractThe command and control vehicle (C2V) was developed to support U.S. Army tactical operation centers in heavy forces. The requirements for the C2V stipulate that it must support mobile operations and that it must support command and control (C2) from within the confines of the vehicle. However, in early testing, some human operators exhibited motion sickness during moving operations. As a result, the Human Research and Engineering Directorate of the U.S. Army Research Laboratory, in cooperation with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration's Life Sciences Division, was directed to perform a study to quantify the incidence and severity of motion sickness and any associated performance decrement. The study would discriminate between motion effects in the C2V in parked, moving, and short halt in each seat in three seat configurations.Twenty-four soldiers were exposed to each of 12 seats (four seats in three vehicle configurations) for a 4-hour "cell." During a cell, subjects completed a motion sickness and mood scale and the Delta cognitive battery. Half the subjects were also instrumented to record physiological correlates of motion sickness. Each cell included an initial (parked) administration of the test batteries followed by two test batteries while moving and three test batteries during short halts.Fifty-five percent of the subjects reported an average motion sickness score, indicating moderate to severe symptoms. Symptoms were not mitigated by short halts. One subject was withdrawn from the study because of severe and persistent symptoms.Performance was significantly worse during moving operations than in parked, with a partial recovery during short halts. Performance degradation was comparable to blood alcohol equivalencies at or above 0.08% in 35% of the soldiers during movement and 22% during short halts.There was no significant difference between seat or vehicles in any of the measurements. CONTENTS

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 88%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Symptom Diagnostic Scale (60 Seconds)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Inspection Ofmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

The effects of the command and Control Vehicle (C2V) operational environment on soldier health and performance

Cowings¹,

Toscano²,

Deroshia³

et al. 1999

PsycEXTRA Dataset

Self Cite

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“…Indeed, evidence shows reductions in sympathetic signatures of autonomic markers during controlled breathing (Pal et al 2004). For example, skin conductivity increases during sympathetic activity (Cowings et al 1986;Isu et al 1987) while skin resistance increases during meditation, which is indicative of decreased sympathetic activity (Delmonte 1984;Telles et al 1995;Wallace 1970;Wallace et al 1971). In addition, heart rate variability (HRV), an indicator of the state of the ANS (Sztajzel 2004), increases as respiratory rate decreases (Song and Lehrer 2003).…”

Section: Breathing and Meditation Techniques For Reducing Negative Emmentioning

confidence: 99%

Self-Regulation of Breathing as a Primary Treatment for Anxiety

Jerath¹,

Crawford²,

Barnes

et al. 2015

Appl Psychophysiol Biofeedback

169

125

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Understanding the autonomic nervous system and homeostatic changes associated with emotions remains a major challenge for neuroscientists and a fundamental prerequisite to treat anxiety, stress, and emotional disorders. Based on recent publications, the inter-relationship between respiration and emotions and the influence of respiration on autonomic changes, and subsequent widespread membrane potential changes resulting from changes in homeostasis are discussed. We hypothesize that reversing homeostatic alterations with meditation and breathing techniques rather than targeting neurotransmitters with medication may be a superior method to address the whole body changes that occur in stress, anxiety, and depression. Detrimental effects of stress, negative emotions, and sympathetic dominance of the autonomic nervous system have been shown to be counteracted by different forms of meditation, relaxation, and breathing techniques. We propose that these breathing techniques could be used as firstline and supplemental treatments for stress, anxiety, depression, and some emotional disorders.

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