General aspects, hierarchical controls and droop methods in microgrids: A review

Planas, Estefanía; Gil-de-Muro, Asier; Andreu, Jon; Kortabarria, Iñigo; Alegría, Iñigo Martínez de

doi:10.1016/j.rser.2012.09.032

Cited by 268 publications

(123 citation statements)

References 77 publications

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“…Solutions) [5] or facilities developed by other research centers are defining the specifications of the future microgrid concept [6]. In a laboratory scale, other setups are being built, as for example the IREC microgrid (Catalonia Institute for Energy Research) [7] or the platform proposed by the Energy Systems Research Laboratory, Florida International University [8].…”

Section: Microgrids As the Certs Laboratory Project (Consortium For Ementioning

confidence: 99%

Renewable energy emulation concepts for microgrids

Prieto‐Araujo

Olivella‐Rosell

Cheah-Mañé

et al. 2015

Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews

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This article reviews the renewable energy systems emulators proposals for microgrid laboratory testing platforms. Four emulation conceptual levels are identified based on the literature analysis performed. Each of these levels is explained through a microgrid example, detailing its features and possibilities. Finally, an experimental microgrid, built based on emulators, is presented to exemplify the system performance.

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Section: Microgrids As the Certs Laboratory Project (Consortium For Ementioning

confidence: 99%

Renewable energy emulation concepts for microgrids

Prieto‐Araujo

Olivella‐Rosell

Cheah-Mañé

et al. 2015

Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews

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“…The inverter-interfaced DGs have much smaller inertia than a synchronous generator in traditional ac grid and the RES are intermittent, which makes the frequency of an islanded MG at the risk of instability. The droop control methods, which increase virtual inertia of inverter-interfaced DGs by mimicking the governor of a synchronous generator, are widely used as the primary control [2,[4][5][6][7] of an MG. The variability of renewable power sources are compensated by droop-controlled DGs or super capacitor storage systems.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Agent‐based distributed and economic automatic generation control for droop‐controlled AC microgrids

Zang

Zeng

et al. 2016

IET Generation, Transmission & Distribution

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Microgrids (MGs) are presented as a cornerstone of smart grid, which can integrate renewable energy sources environmentally, friendly, and reliably. Hierarchical control strategies, i.e. primary droop control, second automatic generation control (AGC), and tertiary economic dispatch (ED), are widely used to control and optimise an MG. However, the gap between large time-scale ED and small time-scale AGC may decrease the economical efficiency of an MG. To address this problem, this study proposes a distributed economic AGC (EAGC) algorithm. The algorithm is fully distributed, as each distributed generator is assigned with an agent and the agents only require the local measurements and communication with its neighbours. Compared with centralised algorithms, the distributed control algorithm is easy to fulfil the plug-and-play requirements and reduces costs to modify the architecture of an MG. Furthermore, the proposed EAGC algorithm is suitable for all possible operation modes of an MG, i.e. islanded mode, grid-connected mode, and transition mode. To improve the robustness against agent loss or communication link fault, the topology of agents' communication network is designed to satisfy the N − 1 rule. The effectiveness of the proposed algorithm is demonstrated through the simulation tests which involve plenty of case studies.

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“…There are no precise standards to have been developed for adapting MGs, but some Distributed Energy Resource (DER) standards can be used. In [6] a summary of the European and American standards applicable to MGs is presented. To approach this open research question, the authors of the paper proposed applying the international standard IEC/ISO 62264 to MGs and ESSs [7,8], taking account of the hierarchical control of these systems.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Finally, the paper is concluded in Section 6. As mentioned, the variation in power generation and interconnection, as well as the electrical interfaces between different sources, energy storage systems, and the main grid may be barriers to achieving a common standard for connecting DERs to the grid [6]. To address these issues, the IEC/ISO 62264 international standard is intended to be applied to MGs, which are considered here from a hierarchical control viewpoint.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of the hierarchical control of distributed Energy Storage Systems in islanded Microgrids based on Std IEC/ISO 62264

Palizban

Kauhaniemi

Guerrero

2016

2016 IEEE Power and Energy Society General Meeting (PESGM)

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Abstract-In this paper, a decentralized control methodology based on hierarchical control levels is investigated. In recent years, efforts have been made to standardize microgrids (MGs), and the decentralized control method evaluated here is based on the IEC/ISO 62264 standard. Since the main challenge to decentralized control in Battery Energy Storage Systems (BESSs) is the different levels of stored energy, a modified droop control is used here to share the power between the different storage units, based on the energy level of each unit. The power coefficients of the droop control are set inversely proportionally and directly proportionally, respectively, to the state of charge (SoC) of each battery unit during discharging and charging mode. To evaluate this decentralized method based on the IEC/ISO 62264 standard, PSCAD/EMTDC software is used.

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General aspects, hierarchical controls and droop methods in microgrids: A review

Cited by 268 publications

References 77 publications

Renewable energy emulation concepts for microgrids

Renewable energy emulation concepts for microgrids

Agent‐based distributed and economic automatic generation control for droop‐controlled AC microgrids

Evaluation of the hierarchical control of distributed Energy Storage Systems in islanded Microgrids based on Std IEC/ISO 62264

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