Genera of the Protura of the World: diagnosis, distribution, and key

Galli, Loris; Shrubovych, Julia; Bu, Yun; Zinni, Matteo

doi:10.3897/zookeys.772.24410

Cited by 17 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…To date, nearly 800 species are known worldwide. The class comprises three orders, seven families and 77 genera (see Galli et al, 2018;Shrubovych et al, 2020). Very little is known about their autoecology, but it is undoubted that they have a low active dispersal capability.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We can, therefore, think to the ancestor of this order close to Isoentominae. According to their morphological characters (see Galli et al, 2018;Carapelli et al, 2019), Eastern Palearctic and Oriental Antelientomidae belong to a more recent line originating from the one that culminates in Eosentomidae. Acerentomata are probably closer to Sinentomata than to Eosentomata since they are more similar for some morphological characters (see François, 2003;Galli et al, 2018).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The geographic distribution of Protura (Arthropoda: Hexapoda): a review

Galli¹,

Rellini²

2019

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Protura is a poorly known class of Hexapoda represented by more than 800 species belonging to 77 genera worldwide. They are tiny soil organisms with low dispersal ability, mainly attributable to water and human-mediated transfer. The analysis of biogeography of Protura is hindered by the lack of knowledge on their natural history, systematics and distribution. In order to provide a starting point for future more detailed investigations, we reviewed the available literature on their geographic distribution, making a distinction between continental and insular areas. A general overview based on Wallace's biogeographic regionalization is outlined, highlighting a maximum of known richness and endemism at the genus level in the Palearctic region, and particularly within its eastern part. Some detailed examples of disjunct distribution and their interpretation based on vicariance or dispersal events are given.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The geographic distribution of Protura (Arthropoda: Hexapoda): a review

Galli¹,

Rellini²

2019

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“…Species richness recorded for particular sites was also very low and the majority of sites hosted only single species. Nevertheless, nearly 20% of 76 genera known worldwide [5] have been found in the region. Members of the widespread genus Eosentomon, which are very abundant and diverse in the Americas and Europe [36][37][38], are poorly represented, with only four known species, and restricted in distribution to Alaska and Northern Canada (Table 1).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The new genus Mastodonentomon is placed into subfamily Nipponentominae due to possessing a distinct calyx with large vesicle and racemose appendices on its surface, presence of four pairs of A-setae on metanotum, presence of 4/2 setae on sternite VIII, well-developed striate band on segment VIII, and two setae of equal length on abdominal legs II and III [5]. The new genus is similar to Nipponentomon and Imadateiella in having four pairs of A-setae on metanotum and filiform foretarsal sensillum t1.…”

Section: Remarksmentioning

confidence: 99%

Protura in Arctic Regions, with Description of Mastodonentomon n. gen. (Acerentomidae, Nipponentominae) and a Key to Known Arctic Taxa

Shrubovych

Smykla

Bernard

2020

Insects

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Protura are widespread, but their presence in the Arctic was first noted only ca. 70 years ago and is still little acknowledged. This work compiles taxonomic information on proturans in the Arctic regions and adds unpublished data from Northern Siberia. Currently, this fauna is represented by 23 species in two orders and 14 genera. The large cosmopolitan genus Eosentomon is represented by only four species, whereas Acerentomidae is much more diverse, with 19 species in 13 genera (eight Nipponentominae, five Acerentominae). Most of the Arctic species possess a larger number of setae than species living in temperate regions. Based on several unique characters, a new genus, Mastodonentomon, is erected for Nipponentomon macleani, and the species is re-described with the original description supplemented with new characters, including head chaetotaxy, seta length, and porotaxy. Proturan occurrence in the Arctic is limited to Beringia, but the majority of species have restricted distributions and none have been found in both the American Arctic and Siberia. This implies relict origins and high levels of proturan endemism in the Arctic. This emerging view on biogeographical history is, however, hampered by the limited extent of available data, which highlights the need for considerably greater survey efforts. A key to Arctic proturans is provided to facilitate further studies.

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“…All specimens of proturans were separated from extracted material under a dissecting microscope, fixed in ethanol and mounted in permanent microscope slides. Species identification was based on recent taxonomic keys [36][37][38][39] . All specimens were deposited in the collection of Institute of Systematics and Evolution of Animals PAS (Kraków, Poland).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Responses of soil microarthropod taxon (Hexapoda: Protura) to natural disturbances and management practices in forest-dominated subalpine lake catchment areas

Sterzyńska

Shrubovych

Tajovský

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

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Disturbances are intrinsic drivers of structure and function in ecosystems, hence predicting their effects in forest ecosystems is essential for forest conservation and/or management practices. Yet, knowledge regarding belowground impacts of disturbance events still remains little understood and can greatly vary by taxonomic and functional identity, disturbance type and local environmental conditions. To address this gap in knowledge, we conducted a survey of soil-dwelling Protura, across forests subjected to different disturbance regimes (i.e. windstorms, insect pest outbreaks and clear-cut logging). We expected that the soil proturan assemblages would differ among disturbance regimes. We also hypothesized that these differences would be driven primarily by variation in soil physicochemical properties thus the impacts of forest disturbances would be indirect and related to changes in food resources. To verify that sampling included two geographically distant subalpine glacial lake catchments that differed in underlying geology, each having four different types of forest disturbance, i.e. control, bark beetle outbreak (BB), windthrow + BB (wind + BB) and clear-cut. As expected, forest disturbance had negative effects on proturan diversity and abundance, with multiple disturbances having the greatest impacts. However, differences in edaphic factors constituted a stronger driver of variability in distribution and abundance of proturans assemblages. These results imply that soil biogeochemistry and resource availability can have much stronger effects on proturan assemblages than forest disturbances. Disturbances, natural and anthropogenic, are a common and intrinsic element of temperate forest ecosystems 1 and play an important role in forest dynamics 2. Seidl et al. 3 have documented that across Europe, forest disturbance regimes have intensified markedly due to considerable increases in damage from insect outbreaks, windstorms and/or wildfires. As a result, growing disturbance risk necessitates greater attention to the management of the forest ecosystem 4. Disturbance events such as insect outbreaks, windstorms and forest management practices applied after natural disturbances can strongly modulate forest structure, functioning and biodiversity 5,6 , and affect the natural, beneficial roles played by forests. Despite this the responses of species and taxa that inhabit

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Genera of the Protura of the World: diagnosis, distribution, and key

Cited by 17 publications

References 44 publications

The geographic distribution of Protura (Arthropoda: Hexapoda): a review

The geographic distribution of Protura (Arthropoda: Hexapoda): a review

Protura in Arctic Regions, with Description of Mastodonentomon n. gen. (Acerentomidae, Nipponentominae) and a Key to Known Arctic Taxa

Responses of soil microarthropod taxon (Hexapoda: Protura) to natural disturbances and management practices in forest-dominated subalpine lake catchment areas

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